grid-template-columns

Summary

The grid-template-columns CSS property defines the line names and track sizing functions of the grid's columns.

Syntax

/* Keyword value */
grid-template-columns: none;

/* <track-list> values */
grid-template-columns: 100px 1fr;
grid-template-columns: [linename] 100px;
grid-template-columns: [linename1] 100px [linename2 linename3];

/* <auto-track-list> values */
grid-template-columns: 200px repeat(auto-fill, 100px) 300px;
grid-template-columns: minmax(100px, max-content)
                       repeat(auto-fill, 200px) 20%;
grid-template-columns: [linename1] 100px [linename2]
                       repeat(auto-fit, [linename3 linename4] 300px)
                       100px;
grid-template-columns: [linename1 linename2] 100px
                       repeat(auto-fit, [linename1] 300px) [linename3];

/* Subgrid values */
grid-template-columns: subgrid;
grid-template-columns: subgrid [linename1];
grid-template-columns: subgrid repeat(4, [linename1]);
grid-template-columns: subgrid repeat(4, [linename1 linename2]);
grid-template-columns: subgrid repeat(auto-fill, [linename1]);

/* Global values */
grid-template-columns: inherit;
grid-template-columns: initial;
grid-template-columns: unset;

Values

none

Is a keyword meaning that there is no explicit grid. Any columns will be implicitly generated and their size will be determined by the grid-auto-columns property.

subgrid

Is a keyword indicating that the grid will align to its parent grid in that axis. Rather than specifying the sizes of columns explicitly, they’ll be taken from the parent grid’s definition.

<length>

Is a non-negative length.

<percentage>

Is a non-negative <percentage> value relative to the inline size of the grid container. If the inline size of the grid container is indefinite, the percentage value is treated like auto.

<flex>

Is a non-negative dimension with the unit fr specifying the track’s flex factor. Each <flex>-sized track takes a share of the remaining space in proportion to its flex factor.

When appearing outside a minmax() notation, it implies an automatic minimum (i.e. minmax(auto, <flex>)).

max-content

Is a keyword representing the largest maximal content contribution of the grid items occupying the grid track.

min-content

Is a keyword representing the largest minimal content contribution of the grid items occupying the grid track.

minmax(min, max)

Is a functional notation that defines a size range greater than or equal to min and less than or equal to max. If max is smaller than min, then max is ignored and the function is treated as min. As a maximum, a <flex> value sets the track’s flex factor. As a minimum, it is treated as zero (or minimal content, if the grid container is sized under a minimal content constraint).

auto

Is a keyword that is identical to maximal content if it's a maximum. As a minimum it represents the largest minimum size (as specified by min-width/min-height) of the grid items occupying the grid track.

Note: auto track sizes (and only auto track sizes) can be streched by the align-content and justify-content properties.

Formal syntax

none | <track-list> | <auto-track-list> | subgrid <line-name-list>?
where 
<track-list> = [ <line-names>? [ <track-size> | <track-repeat> ] ]+ <line-names>?
<auto-track-list> = [ <line-names>? [ <fixed-size> | <fixed-repeat> ] ]+ <auto-repeat> [ <line-names>? [ <fixed-size> | <fixed-repeat> ] ]+ <line-names>?
<line-name-list> = [ <line-names> | <name-repeat> ]+
where 
<line-names> = '[' <custom-ident>* ']'
<track-size> = <track-breadth> | minmax( <track-breadth> , <track-breadth> )
<track-repeat> = repeat( [ <positive-integer> ] , [ <line-names>? <track-size> ]+ <line-names>? )
<fixed-size> = <fixed-breadth> | minmax( <fixed-breadth> , <track-breadth> )
<fixed-repeat> = repeat( [ <positive-integer> ] , [ <line-names>? <fixed-size> ]+ <line-names>? )
<auto-repeat> = repeat( [ auto-fill | auto-fit ] , [ <line-names>? <fixed-size> ]+ <line-names>? )
where 
<track-breadth> = <length> | <percentage> | <flex> | min-content | max-content | auto
<fixed-breadth> = <length> | <percentage>

Examples

CSS

#grid {
  display: grid;
  width: 100%;
  grid-template-columns: 50px 1fr;
}

#areaA {
  background-color: lime;
}

#areaB {
  background-color: yellow;
}

HTML

<div id="grid">
  <div id="areaA">A</div>
  <div id="areaB">B</div>
</div>

Result

Specifications

Browser compatibility

[1] Implemented behind the experimental Web Platform features flag in chrome://flags.

[2] Implemented behind the preference layout.css.grid.enabled, defaulting to false.

[3] Internet Explorer implements an older version of the specification using the -ms prefix. Therefore the property is implemented there as -ms-grid-columns.

See also

• Related CSS properties: grid-template-rows, grid-template-areas, grid-template