Testing media queries programmatically

Before you can evaluate the results of a media query, you need to create the MediaQueryList object representing the query. To do this, use the window.matchMedia method.

For example, to set up a query list that determines if the device is in landscape or portrait orientation:

const mediaQueryList = window.matchMedia("(orientation: portrait)");

Once you've created your media query list, you can check the result of the query by looking at the value of its matches property:

if (mediaQueryList.matches) {
  /* The viewport is currently in portrait orientation */
} else {
  /* The viewport is not currently in portrait orientation, therefore landscape */
}

If you need to be aware of changes to the evaluated result of the query on an ongoing basis, it's more efficient to register a listener than to poll the query's result. To do this, call the addEventListener() method on the MediaQueryList object, with a callback function to invoke when the media query status changes (e.g., the media query test goes from true to false):

// Create the query list.
const mediaQueryList = window.matchMedia("(orientation: portrait)");

// Define a callback function for the event listener.
function handleOrientationChange(mql) {
  // …
}

// Run the orientation change handler once.
handleOrientationChange(mediaQueryList);

// Add the callback function as a listener to the query list.
mediaQueryList.addEventListener("change", handleOrientationChange);

This code creates the orientation-testing media query list and adds an event listener to it. After defining the listener, we also call the listener directly. This makes our listener perform adjustments based on the current device orientation; otherwise, our code might assume the device is in portrait mode at startup, even if it's actually in landscape mode.

The handleOrientationChange() function would look at the result of the query and handle whatever we need to do on an orientation change:

function handleOrientationChange(evt) {
  if (evt.matches) {
    /* The viewport is currently in portrait orientation */
  } else {
    /* The viewport is currently in landscape orientation */
  }
}

Above, we define the parameter as evt — an event object of type MediaQueryListEvent that also includes the media and matches properties, so you can query these features of the MediaQueryList by directly accessing it, or accessing the event object.

To stop receiving notifications about changes to the value of your media query, call removeEventListener() on the MediaQueryList, passing it the name of the previously-defined callback function:

mediaQueryList.removeEventListener("change", handleOrientationChange);

• Media queries
• CSS media queries module
• CSS object model module
• window.matchMedia()
• MediaQueryList
• MediaQueryListEvent