`rule-inset-cap` CSS property

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The rule-inset-cap CSS shorthand property can be used to offset the start and end of column and row rule segment cap endpoints.

Try it

rule-inset-cap: -20px;

rule-inset-cap: 0;

rule-inset-cap: 1em;

rule-inset-cap: 100%;

rule-inset-cap: overlap-join;

<section id="default-example">
  <div id="example-element">
    <i>A</i>
    <i>B</i>
    <i>C</i>
    <i>D</i>
    <i>E</i>
    <i>F</i>
    <i>G</i>
    <i>H</i>
    <i>I</i>
    <i>J</i>
    <i>K</i>
    <i>L</i>
    <i>M</i>
    <i>N</i>
    <i>O</i>
    <i>P</i>
    <i>Q</i>

    <i id="y">Y</i>
    <i id="z">Z</i>
    <i id="bang">!</i>
  </div>
</section>

#example-element {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(7, 1fr);
  rule: solid thick magenta;
  column-rule-color: rebeccapurple;
  gap: 1em;
  rule-overlap: column-over-row;
  rule-visibility-items: between;
  border: 1px solid rebeccapurple;
  overflow: visible;
  margin: 1em;
}
#example-element i {
  padding: 8px;
  border: 1px dashed;
}
#y {
  grid-column: 4 / 5;
  grid-row: 4 / 5;
}
#z {
  grid-column: 5 / 6;
  grid-row: 4 / 5;
}
#bang {
  grid-column: 6 / 7;
  grid-row: 4 / 5;
}

Constituent properties

This property is a shorthand for the following CSS properties:

Syntax

css

/* Keywords */
rule-inset-cap: overlap-join;

/* A <length-percentage> value */
rule-inset-cap: 0;
rule-inset-cap: 1em;
rule-inset-cap: -5px;
rule-inset-cap: -25%;

/* Global values */
rule-inset-cap: inherit;
rule-inset-cap: initial;
rule-inset-cap: revert;
rule-inset-cap: revert-layer;
rule-inset-cap: unset;

Values

This property is specified from the following list:

overlap-join: Resolves to 0.
<length-percentage>: Specifies the size of the inset. Percentage values resolve to 0 for caps at the container's edge. For interior gaps, percentages are relative to the height of the adjacent row-gap for column segment caps, or the width of the adjacent column-gap for row segment caps.

The rule-inset-cap shorthand property sets the column-rule-inset-cap and row-rule-inset-cap properties, insetting cap segment endpoints by the specified values. Positive values reduce the segment size, while negative values increase it.

The rule-inset-cap property, along with the rule-inset-junction property, can be set using the rule-inset shorthand.

Formal definition

Value not found in DB!

Formal syntax

rule-inset-cap = 
  <'column-rule-inset-cap'>  

<column-rule-inset-cap> = 
  <inset-value> <inset-value>?  

<inset-value> = 
  <length-percentage>  |
  overlap-join         

<length-percentage> = 
  <length>      |
  <percentage>

Examples

Basic usage

This example shows how to set rule-inset-cap to inset the endpoints of cap segments on flex containers.

HTML

html

<h1>Insetting cap endpoints</h1>
<article>
  <section>
    <h2>flex-direction: row</h2>
    <div class="flexbox">
      <div></div>
      <div></div>
      <div></div>
      <div></div>
      <div></div>
      <div></div>
      <div></div>
    </div>
  </section>
  <section>
    <h2>flex-direction: column</h2>
    <div class="flexbox column">
      <div></div>
      <div></div>
      <div></div>
      <div></div>
      <div></div>
      <div></div>
      <div></div>
    </div>
  </section>
</article>

<p>
  <label
    >Change the size of the inset.
    <input type="range" min="-40" max="16" value="16" id="inset"
  /></label>
  <output id="o">16px</output>
</p>

CSS

We use the display property to turn the .flexbox elements into flex containers. We balance the items into three flex lines using flex-wrap and flex-line-count. We define a light blue rule to paint in both row and column gaps, then override the column-rule-color, setting darker blue vertical gap decorations. Finally, we set the rule-inset-cap to 16px.

css

.flexbox {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: balance;
  flex-line-count: 3;
  gap: 20px;
  rule: 5px solid lightblue;
  column-rule-color: blue;

  rule-inset-cap: 16px;
}

We also set the flex-direction on the .column container to make its items flow in columns rather than rows. We've hidden the other CSS styles, and the code that make the form interactive, for brevity.

css

.column {
  flex-direction: column;
}

body {
  font-family: sans-serif;
  text-align: center;
}
h1 {
  font-size: 1.25em;
}
h2 {
  font-size: 1em;
}
article {
  display: flex;
  gap: 5vw;
  rule: 1px solid black;
  width: 90vw;
  margin: auto;
}
section {
  flex-basis: 45vw;
}
.flexbox > div {
  border: 1px solid green;
  background-color: lime;
  flex: 1 1 auto;
  height: 30px;
}
output {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 2em;
}
p {
  margin-top: 2.5em;
}
@layer no-support {
  @supports not (rule-inset-cap: 16px) {
    body::before {
      content: "Your browser doesn't support the rule-inset-cap property";
      background-color: wheat;
      display: block;
      text-align: center;
      padding: 1rem 0;
    }
  }
}

const inset = document.getElementById("inset");
const containers = document.querySelectorAll(".flexbox");
const output = document.getElementById("o");

inset.addEventListener("input", () => {
  const val = `${inset.value}px`;
  containers[0].style.ruleInsetCap = val;
  containers[1].style.ruleInsetCap = val;
  output.innerText = val;
});

Result

Change the size of the inset.

Inner cap segments

This example shows how to set rule-inset-cap to inset the endpoints of cap segments on a grid container, and how the rule-visibility-items property can turn inner endpoints into cap segment endpoints.

HTML

We include an unordered list (<ul>) as our container for several list items (<li>).

We also include a <select> element with an <option> for each rule-visibility-items keyword, and an <input> of type range.

html

<ul id="ul">
  <li>1</li>
  <li>2</li>
  <li>3</li>
  <li>4</li>
  <li>5</li>
  <li>6</li>
  <li>7</li>
  <li>8</li>
  <li>9</li>
  <li>10</li>
  <li>11</li>
  <li>12</li>
  <li>13</li>
  <li>14</li>
  <li>15</li>
  <li>16</li>
  <li>17</li>
</ul>

<p>
  <label
    ><code>rule-visibility-items</code> value <code>
    <select id="visibility">
      <option>all</option>
      <option>between</option>
      <option>around</option>
      <option selected>normal</option>
  </select>
  </label>
</p>

<p>
  <label
    >Change the inset size.
    <input type="range" min="-40" max="16" value="0" id="inset" data-unit="px"
  /></label>
  <output id="o"></output>
</p>

CSS

We create a grid container by setting the display to grid, creating 6 columns with grid-template-columns, and adding a 20px gap. We use the rule property to define our rules, overriding the row rule color with the row-rule-color property. We set the rule-break property to break the rules at each intersection, making each rule segment distinct. We explicitly set rule-visibility-items to the default value of normal. We then use the rule-inset-cap property to inset all the cap segment endpoints by 16px.

css

ul {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(6, auto);
  gap: 20px;
  rule: 10px solid olive;
  row-rule-color: palegoldenrod;
  rule-break: intersection;
  rule-visibility-items: normal;

  rule-inset-cap: 16px;
}

We've hidden the other CSS styles, and the code that make the form interactive, for brevity.

ul {
  place-items: center;
  padding: 0;
  list-style-type: none;
  border: 1px solid;
  margin: 40px;
}
li {
  text-align: center;
  font-family: sans-serif;
  background-color: #ededed;
  padding: 1em;
  width: 100%;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
li:nth-of-type(n + 9) {
  grid-row: 3 / 4;
}
li:nth-of-type(n + 12) {
  grid-row: 4 / 5;
}
li:nth-of-type(10) {
  grid-column: 5/6;
}
li:nth-of-type(11) {
  grid-column: 6/7;
}

li:nth-of-type(15) {
  grid-area: 4 / 5 / 5 / 6;
}
li:nth-of-type(16) {
  grid-area: 4 / 6 / 5 / 7;
}
li:nth-of-type(17) {
  display: none;
  grid-area: 5 / 6 / 6 / 7;
}
@layer no-support {
  @supports not (rule-inset-cap: 16px) {
    body::before {
      content: "Your browser doesn't support the rule-inset-cap property";
      background-color: wheat;
      display: block;
      text-align: center;
      padding: 1rem 0;
    }
  }
}

const inset = document.getElementById("inset");
const visibility = document.getElementById("visibility");
const ul = document.getElementById("ul");
const output = document.getElementById("o");

inset.addEventListener("input", () => {
  output.innerText =
    ul.style.ruleInsetCap = `${inset.value}${inset.dataset["unit"]}`;
});

visibility.addEventListener("change", () => {
  ul.style.ruleVisibilityItems = `${visibility.value}`;
});

Result

Select between from the dropdown to only paint rule segments when both adjacent grid areas contain a grid item, thereby creating interior cap segments. Then change the inset value.

Specifications

Specification
CSS Gaps Module Level 1 # propdef-rule-inset-cap

Browser compatibility

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`rule-inset-cap` CSS property

Try it

Constituent properties

Syntax

Values

Description

Formal definition

Formal syntax

Examples

Basic usage

HTML

CSS

Result

Inner cap segments

HTML

CSS

Result

Specifications

Browser compatibility

See also

Help improve MDN

rule-inset-cap CSS property

HTML

CSS

Result

HTML

CSS

Result

Help improve MDN

`rule-inset-cap` CSS property