Geolocation API

The Geolocation API allows the user to provide their location to web applications if they so desire. For privacy reasons, the user is asked for permission to report location information.

The geolocation object

The Geolocation API is published through the navigator.geolocation object.

If the object exists, geolocation services are available. You can test for the presence of geolocation thusly:

if ("geolocation" in navigator) {
  /* geolocation is available */
} else {
  /* geolocation IS NOT available */
}

Getting the current position

To obtain the user's current location, you can call the getCurrentPosition() method. This initiates an asynchronous request to detect the user's position, and queries the positioning hardware to get up-to-date information. When the position is determined, the defined callback function is executed. You can optionally provide a second callback function to be executed if an error occurs. A third, optional, parameter is an options object where you can set the maximum age of the position returned, the time to wait for a request, and if you want high accuracy for the position.

navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(function(position) {
  do_something(position.coords.latitude, position.coords.longitude);
});

The above example will cause the do_something() function to execute when the location is obtained.

Watching the current position

If the position data changes (either by device movement or if more accurate geo information arrives), you can set up a callback function that is called with that updated position information. This is done using the watchPosition() function, which has the same input parameters as getCurrentPosition(). The callback function is called multiple times, allowing the browser to either update your location as you move, or provide a more accurate location as different techniques are used to geolocate you. The error callback function, which is optional just as it is for getCurrentPosition(), can be called repeatedly.

var watchID = navigator.geolocation.watchPosition(function(position) {
  do_something(position.coords.latitude, position.coords.longitude);
});

The watchPosition() method returns an ID number that can be used to uniquely identify the requested position watcher; you use this value in tandem with the clearWatch() method to stop watching the user's location.

navigator.geolocation.clearWatch(watchID);

Fine tuning response

Both getCurrentPosition() and watchPosition() accept a success callback, an optional error callback, and an optional PositionOptions object.

A call to watchPosition could look like:

function geo_success(position) {
  do_something(position.coords.latitude, position.coords.longitude);
}

function geo_error() {
  alert("Sorry, no position available.");
}

var geo_options = {
  enableHighAccuracy: true, 
  maximumAge        : 30000, 
  timeout           : 27000
};

var wpid = navigator.geolocation.watchPosition(geo_success, geo_error, geo_options);

Describing a position

The user's location is described using a Position object referencing a Coordinates object.

Handling errors

The error callback function, if provided when calling getCurrentPosition() or watchPosition(), expects a PositionError object as its first parameter.

function errorCallback(error) {
  alert('ERROR(' + error.code + '): ' + error.message);
};

Geolocation Live Example

body {
  padding: 20px;
  background-color:#ffffc9
}

button {
  margin: .5rem 0;
}

HTML Content

<button id = "find-me">Show my location</button><br/>
<p id = "status"></p>
<a id = "map-link" target="_blank"></a>

JavaScript Content

function geoFindMe() {

  const status = document.querySelector('#status');
  const mapLink = document.querySelector('#map-link');

  mapLink.href = '';
  mapLink.textContent = '';

  function success(position) {
    const latitude  = position.coords.latitude;
    const longitude = position.coords.longitude;

    status.textContent = '';
    mapLink.href = `https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=18/${latitude}/${longitude}`;
    mapLink.textContent = `Latitude: ${latitude} °, Longitude: ${longitude} °`;
  }

  function error() {
    status.textContent = 'Unable to retrieve your location';
  }

  if (!navigator.geolocation) {
    status.textContent = 'Geolocation is not supported by your browser';
  } else {
    status.textContent = 'Locating…';
    navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(success, error);
  }

}

document.querySelector('#find-me').addEventListener('click', geoFindMe);

Live Result

Prompting for permission

Any add-on hosted on addons.mozilla.org which makes use of geolocation data must explicitly request permission before doing so. The following function will request permission in a manner similar to the automatic prompt displayed for web pages. The user's response will be saved in the preference specified by the pref parameter, if applicable. The function provided in the callback parameter will be called with a boolean value indicating the user's response. If true, the add-on may access geolocation data.

function prompt(window, pref, message, callback) {
    let branch = Components.classes["@mozilla.org/preferences-service;1"]
                           .getService(Components.interfaces.nsIPrefBranch);

    if (branch.getPrefType(pref) === branch.PREF_STRING) {
        switch (branch.getCharPref(pref)) {
        case "always":
            return callback(true);
        case "never":
            return callback(false);
        }
    }

    let done = false;

    function remember(value, result) {
        return function() {
            done = true;
            branch.setCharPref(pref, value);
            callback(result);
        }
    }

    let self = window.PopupNotifications.show(
        window.gBrowser.selectedBrowser,
        "geolocation",
        message,
        "geo-notification-icon",
        {
            label: "Share Location",
            accessKey: "S",
            callback: function(notification) {
                done = true;
                callback(true);
            }
        }, [
            {
                label: "Always Share",
                accessKey: "A",
                callback: remember("always", true)
            },
            {
                label: "Never Share",
                accessKey: "N",
                callback: remember("never", false)
            }
        ], {
            eventCallback: function(event) {
                if (event === "dismissed") {
                    if (!done) callback(false);
                    done = true;
                    window.PopupNotifications.remove(self);
                }
            },
            persistWhileVisible: true
        });
}

prompt(window,
       "extensions.foo-addon.allowGeolocation",
       "Foo Add-on wants to know your location.",
       function callback(allowed) { alert(allowed); });

Browser compatibility

Availability

As WiFi-based locationing is often provided by Google, the vanilla Geolocation API may be unavailable in China. You may use local third-party providers such as Baidu, Autonavi, or Tencent. These services use the user's IP address and/or a local app to provide enhanced positioning.

See also

• navigator.geolocation
• Geolocation API on w3.org
• Who moved my geolocation? (Hacks blog)