mix-blend-mode - CSS: Cascading Style Sheets

The mix-blend-mode CSS property sets how an element's content should blend with the content of the element's parent and the element's background.

Syntax

/* Keyword values */
mix-blend-mode: normal;
mix-blend-mode: multiply;
mix-blend-mode: screen;
mix-blend-mode: overlay;
mix-blend-mode: darken;
mix-blend-mode: lighten;
mix-blend-mode: color-dodge;
mix-blend-mode: color-burn;
mix-blend-mode: hard-light;
mix-blend-mode: soft-light;
mix-blend-mode: difference;
mix-blend-mode: exclusion;
mix-blend-mode: hue;
mix-blend-mode: saturation;
mix-blend-mode: color;
mix-blend-mode: luminosity;

/* Global values */
mix-blend-mode: initial;
mix-blend-mode: inherit;
mix-blend-mode: unset;

Values

<blend-mode>: The blending mode that should be applied.

Formal definition

Initial value	`normal`
Applies to	all elements
Inherited	no
Computed value	as specified
Animation type	discrete
Creates stacking context	yes

Formal syntax

<blend-mode>where <blend-mode> = normal | multiply | screen | overlay | darken | lighten | color-dodge | color-burn | hard-light | soft-light | difference | exclusion | hue | saturation | color | luminosity

Examples

Effect of different mix-blend-mode values

<div class="grid">
  <div class="col">
    <div class="note">Blending in isolation (no blending with the background)</div>
    <div class="row isolate">
      <div class="cell"> normal
        <div class="container normal">
          <div class="group">
            <div class="item firefox"></div>
            <svg viewBox="0 0 150 150">
              <defs>
                <linearGradient id="red">
                  <stop offset="0"    stop-color="hsl(0,100%,50%)" />
                  <stop offset="100%" stop-color="hsl(0,0%,100%)" />
                </linearGradient>
                <linearGradient id="green">
                  <stop offset="0"    stop-color="hsl(120,100%,50%)" />
                  <stop offset="100%" stop-color="hsl(120,0%,100%)" />
                </linearGradient>
                <linearGradient id="blue">
                  <stop offset="0"    stop-color="hsl(240,100%,50%)" />
                  <stop offset="100%" stop-color="hsl(240,0%,100%)" />
                </linearGradient>
              </defs>
              <ellipse class="item R" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item G" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item B" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
            </svg>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="cell"> multiply
        <div class="container multiply">
          <div class="group">
            <div class="item firefox"></div>
            <svg viewBox="0 0 150 150">
              <ellipse class="item R" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item G" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item B" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
            </svg>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="cell"> darken
        <div class="container darken">
          <div class="group">
            <div class="item firefox"></div>
            <svg viewBox="0 0 150 150">
              <ellipse class="item R" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item G" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item B" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
            </svg>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="cell"> screen
        <div class="container screen">
          <div class="group">
            <div class="item firefox"></div>
            <svg viewBox="0 0 150 150">
              <ellipse class="item R" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item G" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item B" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
            </svg>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="cell"> lighten
        <div class="container lighten">
          <div class="group">
            <div class="item firefox"></div>
            <svg viewBox="0 0 150 150">
              <ellipse class="item R" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item G" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item B" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
            </svg>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="cell"> overlay
        <div class="container overlay">
          <div class="group">
            <div class="item firefox"></div>
            <svg viewBox="0 0 150 150">
              <ellipse class="item R" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item G" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item B" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
            </svg>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="cell"> color-dodge
        <div class="container color-dodge">
          <div class="group">
            <div class="item firefox"></div>
            <svg viewBox="0 0 150 150">
              <ellipse class="item R" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item G" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item B" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
            </svg>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="cell"> color-burn
        <div class="container color-burn">
          <div class="group">
            <div class="item firefox"></div>
            <svg viewBox="0 0 150 150">
              <ellipse class="item R" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item G" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item B" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
            </svg>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="cell"> hard-light
        <div class="container hard-light">
          <div class="group">
            <div class="item firefox"></div>
            <svg viewBox="0 0 150 150">
              <ellipse class="item R" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item G" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item B" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
            </svg>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="cell"> soft-light
        <div class="container soft-light">
          <div class="group">
            <div class="item firefox"></div>
            <svg viewBox="0 0 150 150">
              <ellipse class="item R" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item G" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item B" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
            </svg>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="cell"> difference
        <div class="container difference">
          <div class="group">
            <div class="item firefox"></div>
            <svg viewBox="0 0 150 150">
              <ellipse class="item R" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item G" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item B" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
            </svg>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="cell"> exclusion
        <div class="container exclusion">
          <div class="group">
            <div class="item firefox"></div>
            <svg viewBox="0 0 150 150">
              <ellipse class="item R" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item G" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item B" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
            </svg>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="cell"> hue
        <div class="container hue">
          <div class="group">
            <div class="item firefox"></div>
            <svg viewBox="0 0 150 150">
              <ellipse class="item R" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item G" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item B" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
            </svg>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="cell"> saturation
        <div class="container saturation">
          <div class="group">
            <div class="item firefox"></div>
            <svg viewBox="0 0 150 150">
              <ellipse class="item R" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item G" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item B" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
            </svg>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="cell"> color
        <div class="container color">
          <div class="group">
            <div class="item firefox"></div>
            <svg viewBox="0 0 150 150">
              <ellipse class="item R" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item G" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item B" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
            </svg>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="cell"> luminosity
        <div class="container luminosity">
          <div class="group">
            <div class="item firefox"></div>
            <svg viewBox="0 0 150 150">
              <ellipse class="item R" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item G" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item B" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
            </svg>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

    <div class="note">Blending globally (blend with the background)</div>
    <div class="row">
      <div class="cell"> normal
        <div class="container normal">
          <div class="group">
            <div class="item firefox"></div>
            <svg viewBox="0 0 150 150">
              <ellipse class="item R" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item G" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item B" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
            </svg>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="cell"> multiply
        <div class="container multiply">
          <div class="group">
            <div class="item firefox"></div>
            <svg viewBox="0 0 150 150">
              <ellipse class="item R" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item G" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item B" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
            </svg>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="cell"> darken
        <div class="container darken">
          <div class="group">
            <div class="item firefox"></div>
            <svg viewBox="0 0 150 150">
              <ellipse class="item R" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item G" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item B" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
            </svg>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="cell"> screen
        <div class="container screen">
          <div class="group">
            <div class="item firefox"></div>
            <svg viewBox="0 0 150 150">
              <ellipse class="item R" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item G" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item B" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
            </svg>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="cell"> lighten
        <div class="container lighten">
          <div class="group">
            <div class="item firefox"></div>
            <svg viewBox="0 0 150 150">
              <ellipse class="item R" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item G" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item B" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
            </svg>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="cell"> overlay
        <div class="container overlay">
          <div class="group">
            <div class="item firefox"></div>
            <svg viewBox="0 0 150 150">
              <ellipse class="item R" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item G" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item B" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
            </svg>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="cell"> color-dodge
        <div class="container color-dodge">
          <div class="group">
            <div class="item firefox"></div>
            <svg viewBox="0 0 150 150">
              <ellipse class="item R" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item G" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item B" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
            </svg>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="cell"> color-burn
        <div class="container color-burn">
          <div class="group">
            <div class="item firefox"></div>
            <svg viewBox="0 0 150 150">
              <ellipse class="item R" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item G" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item B" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
            </svg>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="cell"> hard-light
        <div class="container hard-light">
          <div class="group">
            <div class="item firefox"></div>
            <svg viewBox="0 0 150 150">
              <ellipse class="item R" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item G" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item B" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
            </svg>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="cell"> soft-light
        <div class="container soft-light">
          <div class="group">
            <div class="item firefox"></div>
            <svg viewBox="0 0 150 150">
              <ellipse class="item R" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item G" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item B" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
            </svg>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="cell"> difference
        <div class="container difference">
          <div class="group">
            <div class="item firefox"></div>
            <svg viewBox="0 0 150 150">
              <ellipse class="item R" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item G" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item B" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
            </svg>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="cell"> exclusion
        <div class="container exclusion">
          <div class="group">
            <div class="item firefox"></div>
            <svg viewBox="0 0 150 150">
              <ellipse class="item R" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item G" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item B" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
            </svg>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="cell"> hue
        <div class="container hue">
          <div class="group">
            <div class="item firefox"></div>
            <svg viewBox="0 0 150 150">
              <ellipse class="item R" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item G" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item B" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
            </svg>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="cell"> saturation
        <div class="container saturation">
          <div class="group">
            <div class="item firefox"></div>
            <svg viewBox="0 0 150 150">
              <ellipse class="item R" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item G" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item B" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
            </svg>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="cell"> color
        <div class="container color">
          <div class="group">
            <div class="item firefox"></div>
            <svg viewBox="0 0 150 150">
              <ellipse class="item R" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item G" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item B" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
            </svg>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="cell"> luminosity
        <div class="container luminosity">
          <div class="group">
            <div class="item firefox"></div>
            <svg viewBox="0 0 150 150">
              <ellipse class="item R" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item G" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
              <ellipse class="item B" cx="75" cy="75" rx="25" ry="70"></ellipse>
            </svg>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

html,body {
  height: 100%;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  background: #EEE;
}

.grid {
  width: 100%;
  display: flex;
  font: 1em monospace;
}

.row {
  display: flex;
  flex: 1 auto;
  flex-direction: row;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  height: auto;
}

.col {
  display: flex;
  flex: 1 auto;
  flex-direction: column;
  height: auto;
}

.cell {
  margin: .5em;
  padding: .5em;
  background-color: #FFF;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-align: center;
}

.note {
  background: #fff3d4;
  padding: 1em;
  margin: .5em .5em 0;
  font: .8em sans-serif;
  text-align: left;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.note + .row .cell {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.container {
  position: relative;
  background: linear-gradient(to right, #000 0%, transparent 50%, #FFF 100%),
              linear-gradient(to bottom, #FF0 0%, #F0F 50%, #0FF 100%);
  width: 150px;
  height: 150px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.R {
  transform-origin: center;
  transform: rotate(-30deg);
  fill: url(#red);
}

.G {
  transform-origin: center;
  transform: rotate(90deg);
  fill: url(#green);
}

.B {
  transform-origin: center;
  transform: rotate(210deg);
  fill: url(#blue);
}

.isolate .group { isolation: isolate; }

.normal .item      { mix-blend-mode: normal; }
.multiply .item    { mix-blend-mode: multiply; }
.screen .item      { mix-blend-mode: screen; }
.overlay .item     { mix-blend-mode: overlay; }
.darken .item      { mix-blend-mode: darken; }
.lighten .item     { mix-blend-mode: lighten; }
.color-dodge .item { mix-blend-mode: color-dodge; }
.color-burn .item  { mix-blend-mode: color-burn; }
.hard-light .item  { mix-blend-mode: hard-light; }
.soft-light .item  { mix-blend-mode: soft-light; }
.difference .item  { mix-blend-mode: difference; }
.exclusion .item   { mix-blend-mode: exclusion; }
.hue .item         { mix-blend-mode: hue; }
.saturation .item  { mix-blend-mode: saturation; }
.color .item       { mix-blend-mode: color; }
.luminosity .item  { mix-blend-mode: luminosity; }

Using mix-blend-mode with HTML

HTML

<div class="isolate">
  <div class="circle circle-1"></div>
  <div class="circle circle-2"></div>
  <div class="circle circle-3"></div>
</div>

CSS

.circle {
  width: 80px;
  height: 80px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  mix-blend-mode: screen;
  position: absolute;
}

.circle-1 {
  background: red;
}

.circle-2 {
  background: lightgreen;
  left: 40px;
}

.circle-3 {
  background: blue;
  left: 20px;
  top: 40px;
}

.isolate {
  isolation: isolate; /* Without isolation, the background color will be taken into account */
  position: relative;
}

Result

Using mix-blend-mode with SVG

SVG

<svg>
  <g class="isolate">
    <circle cx="40" cy="40" r="40" fill="red"/>
    <circle cx="80" cy="40" r="40" fill="lightgreen"/>
    <circle cx="60" cy="80" r="40" fill="blue"/>
  </g>
</svg>

CSS

circle { mix-blend-mode: screen; }
.isolate { isolation: isolate; } /* Without isolation, the background color will be taken into account */

Result

Specifications

Specification	Status	Comment
Compositing and Blending Level 1 The definition of 'mix-blend-mode' in that specification.	Candidate Recommendation	Initial definition

Browser compatibility

BCD tables only load in the browser