# skew()

The `skew()` CSS function defines a transformation that skews an element on the 2D plane. Its result is a `<transform-function>` data type.

This transformation is a shear mapping (transvection) that distorts each point within an element by a certain angle in the horizontal and vertical directions. The effect is as if you grabbed each corner of the element and pulled them along a certain angle.

The coordinates of each point are modified by a value proportionate to the specified angle and the distance to the origin. Thus, the farther from the origin a point is, the greater the value added to it.

## Syntax

The `skew()` function is specified with either one or two values, which represent the amount of skewing to be applied in each direction. If you only specify one value it is used for the x-axis and there will be no skewing on the y-axis.

```skew(ax)

skew(ax, ay)
```

### Values

`ax`
Is an `<angle>` representing the angle to use to distort the element along the x-axis (or abscissa).
`ay`
Is an `<angle>` representing the angle to use to distort the element along the y-axis (or ordinate). If not defined, its default value is `0`, resulting in a purely horizontal skewing.
Cartesian coordinates on ℝ2 Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ2 Cartesian coordinates on ℝ3 Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ3
$\left(\begin{array}{c}1tan\left(ax\right)\\ tan\left(ay\right)1\end{array}\right)$ $\left(\begin{array}{cc}1tan\left(ax\right)& 0\\ tan\left(ay\right)1& 0\\ 0& 0& 1\\ \end{array}\right)$ $\left(\begin{array}{cc}1tan\left(ax\right)& 0\\ tan\left(ay\right)1& 0\\ 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right)$ $\left(\begin{array}{ccc}1tan\left(ax\right)& 0& 0\\ tan\left(ay\right)1& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 1& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right)$
`[1 tan(ay) tan(ax) 1 0 0]`

## Examples

### Skewing on the x-axis only

#### HTML

```<div>Normal</div>
<div class="skewed">Skewed</div>```

#### CSS

```body {
margin: 20px;
}

div {
width: 80px;
height: 80px;
background-color: skyblue;
}

.skewed {
transform: skew(10deg); /* Equal to skewX(10deg) */
background-color: pink;
}
```

### Skewing on both axes

#### HTML

```<div>Normal</div>
<div class="skewed">Skewed</div>```

#### CSS

```body {
margin: 20px;
}

div {
width: 80px;
height: 80px;
background-color: skyblue;
}

.skewed {
transform: skew(10deg, 10deg);
background-color: pink;
}
```

## Specifications

Specification Status Comment
CSS Transforms Level 1
The definition of 'skew()' in that specification.
Working Draft Initial definition

## Browser compatibility

Update compatibility data on GitHub
Desktop Mobile Chrome Edge Firefox Internet Explorer Opera Safari Android webview Chrome for Android Firefox for Android Opera for Android Chrome Full support 1 Edge Full support 12 Firefox Full support 3.5Notes Full support 3.5Notes Notes Firefox 14 removed experimental support for `skew()`, but it was reintroduced in Firefox 15.Notes Before Firefox 16, the translation values of `matrix()` and `matrix3d()` could be ``s, in addition to the standard ``. IE Full support 9Notes Full support 9Notes Notes Internet Explorer 9 supports 2D but not 3D transforms. In version 9, mixing 2D and 3D transform functions invalidates the entire property. Opera Full support 10.5 Safari Full support 3.1 WebView Android Full support 2 Chrome Android Full support 18 Firefox Android Full support 4 Opera Android Full support 11 Safari iOS Full support 3.2 Samsung Internet Android Full support 1.0 Chrome Full support 12 Edge Full support 12 Firefox Full support 10 IE Full support 10 Opera Full support 15 Safari Full support 4 WebView Android Full support 3 Chrome Android Full support 18 Firefox Android Full support 10 Opera Android Full support 14 Safari iOS Full support 3.2 Samsung Internet Android Full support 1.0

### Legend

Full support
Full support
See implementation notes.
See implementation notes.