The radial-gradient()
CSS function creates an image consisting of a progressive transition between two or more colors that radiate from an origin. Its shape may be a circle or an ellipse. The function's result is an object of the <gradient>
data type, which is a special kind of <image>
.
The source for this interactive example is stored in a GitHub repository. If you'd like to contribute to the interactive examples project, please clone https://github.com/mdn/interactive-examples and send us a pull request.
As with any gradient, a radial gradient has no intrinsic dimensions; i.e., it has no natural or preferred size, nor a preferred ratio. Its concrete size will match the size of the element it applies to.
To create a radial gradient that repeats so as to fill its container, use the repeating-radial-gradient()
function instead.
Because <gradient>
s belong to the <image>
data type, they can only be used where <image>
s can be used. For this reason, radial-gradient()
won't work on background-color
and other properties that use the <color>
data type.
Composition of a radial gradient
A radial gradient is defined by a center point, an ending shape, and two or more color-stop points.
To create a smooth gradient, the radial-gradient()
function draws a series of concentric shapes radiating out from the center to the ending shape (and potentially beyond). The ending shape may be either a circle or an ellipse.
Color-stop points are positioned on a virtual gradient ray that extends horizontally from the center towards the right. Percentage-based color-stop positions are relative to the intersection between the ending shape and this gradient ray, which represents 100%
. Each shape is a single color determined by the color on the gradient ray it intersects.
Syntax
/* A gradient at the center of its container, starting red, changing to blue, and finishing green */ radial-gradient(circle at center, red 0, blue, green 100%)
Values
<position>
- The position of the gradient, interpreted in the same way as
background-position
ortransform-origin
. If unspecified, it defaults tocenter
. <shape>
- The gradient's shape. The value can be
circle
(meaning that the gradient's shape is a circle with constant radius) orellipse
(meaning that the shape is an axis-aligned ellipse). If unspecified, it defaults toellipse
. <extent-keyword>
- A keyword describing how big the ending shape must be. The possible keywords are:
-
Keyword Description closest-side
The gradient's ending shape meets the side of the box closest to its center (for circles) or meets both the vertical and horizontal sides closest to the center (for ellipses). closest-corner
The gradient's ending shape is sized so that it exactly meets the closest corner of the box from its center. farthest-side
Similar to closest-side
, except the ending shape is sized to meet the side of the box farthest from its center (or vertical and horizontal sides).farthest-corner
The gradient's ending shape is sized so that it exactly meets the farthest corner of the box from its center. Note: Early implementations of this function included other keywords (
cover
andcontain
) as synonyms of the standardfarthest-corner
andclosest-side
, respectively. Use the standard keywords only, as some implementations have already dropped those older variants. <color-stop>
- A color-stop's
<color>
value, followed by an optional stop position (either a<percentage>
or a<length>
along the gradient's axis). A percentage of0%
, or a length of0
, represents the center of the gradient; the value100%
represents the intersection of the ending shape with the virtual gradient ray. Percentage values in between are linearly positioned on the gradient ray.
Formal syntax
radial-gradient(
[ [ circle || <length> ] [ at <position> ]? , |
[ ellipse || [ <length> | <percentage> ]{2} ] [ at <position> ]? , |
[ [ circle | ellipse ] || <extent-keyword> ] [ at <position> ]? , |
at <position> ,
]?
<color-stop> [ , <color-stop> ]+
)
where <extent-keyword> = closest-corner | closest-side | farthest-corner | farthest-side
and <color-stop> = <color> [ <percentage> | <length> ]?
Examples
Simple gradient
<div class="radial-gradient"></div>
.radial-gradient { width: 240px; height: 120px; }
.radial-gradient { background-image: radial-gradient(cyan 0%, transparent 20%, salmon 40%); }
Non-centered gradient
<div class="radial-gradient"></div>
.radial-gradient { width: 240px; height: 120px; }
.radial-gradient { background-image: radial-gradient(farthest-corner at 40px 40px, #f35 0%, #43e 100%); }
Note: Please see Using CSS gradients for more examples.
Specifications
Specification | Status | Comment |
---|---|---|
CSS Images Module Level 3 The definition of 'radial-gradients()' in that specification. |
Candidate Recommendation | Initial definition. |
Browser compatibility
We're converting our compatibility data into a machine-readable JSON format. This compatibility table still uses the old format, because we haven't yet converted the data it contains. Find out how you can help!
Feature | Firefox (Gecko) | Chrome | Internet Explorer | Opera | Safari |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basic support (on background and background-image ) |
3.6 (1.9.2)-moz[1] 16 (16) |
10.0 (534.16)-webkit[2] | 10.0[3] | 11.60-o | 5.1-webkit[2] |
On border-image |
29 (29) | (Yes) | (Yes) | (Yes) | (Yes) |
On any other property that accept <image> |
No support | (Yes) | (Yes) | (Yes) | (Yes) |
Legacy webkit syntax | No support | 3-webkit[2] | No support | No support | 4.0-webkit[2] |
at syntax (final standard syntax) |
10 (10)-moz[1] 16 (16)[4] |
26 | 10.0 | 11.60-o[2] 2.12 |
No support |
Interpolation hints/gradient midpoints (a percent without a color) | 36 (36) | 40 | 27 |
Feature | Android | Firefox Mobile (Gecko) | IE Phone | Opera Mobile | Safari Mobile |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basic support (on background and background-image ) |
(Yes) | 1.0 (1.9.2)-moz[1] 16.0 (16) |
10 | (Yes) | (Yes) |
On border-image |
(Yes) | 29.0 (29) | (Yes) | (Yes) | (Yes) |
On any other property that accept <image> |
No support | (Yes) | (Yes) | (Yes) | (Yes) |
Legacy webkit syntax | ? | No support | ? | ? | ? |
at syntax (final standard syntax) |
? | 10.0 (10)-moz[1] 16.0 (16) |
10 | ? | ? |
[1] Firefox 3.6 implemented, prefixed, an early syntax. Before Firefox 36, Gecko didn't apply gradient on the pre-multiplied color space, leading to shade of grey unexpectedly appearing when used with transparency. Since Firefox 42, the prefixed version of gradients can be disabled by setting layout.css.prefixes.gradients
to false
.
[2] Webkit implemented, prefixed, an early syntax. WebKit since 528 supports the legacy -webkit-gradient(radial,…)
function. See also their current support for radial gradients.
[3] Internet Explorer 5.5 through 9.0 supports proprietary filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Gradient()
filter.
[4] In addition to the unprefixed support, Gecko 44.0 (Firefox 44.0 / Thunderbird 44.0 / SeaMonkey 2.41) added support for a -webkit
prefixed version of the function for web compatibility reasons behind the preference layout.css.prefixes.webkit
, defaulting to false
. Since Gecko 49.0 (Firefox 49.0 / Thunderbird 49.0 / SeaMonkey 2.46) the preference defaults to true
.
Quantum CSS notes
- Gecko has a long-standing bug whereby radial gradient values like
radial-gradient(circle gold,red)
will work, even though they shouldn't because of the missing comma betweencircle
andgold
(bug 1383323). Firefox's new parallel CSS engine (also known as Quantum CSS or Stylo, planned for release in Firefox 57) fixes this bug. - Also in Gecko,
calc()
expressions are rejected — causing the value to be invalid — when used as the radius component of a radial-gradient() function (bug 1376019). Firefox's new parallel CSS engine (also known as Quantum CSS or Stylo, planned for release in Firefox 57) fixes this.
See also
- Using CSS gradients
- Other gradient functions:
repeating-radial-gradient()
,linear-gradient()
,repeating-linear-gradient()
<image>