:target

The:targetpseudo-class represents the unique element, if any, with an id matching the fragment identifier of the URI of the document..

URIs with fragment identifiers link to a certain element within the document, known as the target element. For instance, here is a URI pointing to an anchor named section2: http://example.com/folder/document.html#section2 The anchor can be any element with anidattribute, e.g. <h1 id="section2"> in our example. The target element h1 can be represented by the :target pseudo-class.

備註： Theidattribute was new in HTML 4 (December 1997). In old-style HTML <a> is a target element. The:targetpseudo-class applies to those targets as well.

範例

:target {
  outline: solid red;
} /* draw a red, solid line around the target element */

/* example code for userContent.css or any web pages;
   a red/yellow arrow indicates the target element */

:target {
  -webkit-box-shadow: 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em #888;
  -moz-box-shadow: 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em #888;
  box-shadow: 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em #888;
}

:target:before {
  font: 70% Arial, "Nimbus Sans L", sans-serif !important;
  content: "\25ba"; /* ► */
  color: red;
  background: gold;
  border: solid thin;
  padding-left: 1px;
  display: inline-block;
  margin-right: 0.13em;
  vertical-align: 20%;
}

Working with display: none elements…

The :target pseudo-class also works fine with undisplayed elements:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <title>:target pseudoclass example</title>
    <style>
      #newcomment {
        display: none;
      }

      #newcomment:target {
        display: block;
      }
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
    <p><a href="#newcomment">Add a comment</a></p>
    <div id="newcomment">
      <form>
        <p>
          Write your comment:<br />
          <textarea></textarea>
        </p>
      </form>
    </div>
  </body>
</html>

Creating a pure CSS "lightbox"

The :target pseudo-class is useful to switch on/off some invisible elements. In this way you can create a pure-CSS lightbox (live demo).

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <title>MDN Example &ndash; CSS Lightbox</title>
    <style type="text/css">
      div.lightbox {
        display: none;
        position: fixed;
        left: 0;
        top: 0;
        width: 100%;
        height: 100%;
      }

      div.lightbox:target {
        display: table;
      }

      div.lightbox figure {
        display: table-cell;
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
        width: 100%;
        height: 100%;
        vertical-align: middle;
      }

      div.lightbox figure figcaption {
        display: block;
        margin: auto;
        padding: 8px;
        background-color: #ddbbff;
        height: 250px;
        position: relative;
        overflow: auto;
        border: 1px #000000 solid;
        border-radius: 10px;
        text-align: justify;
        font-size: 14px;
      }

      div.lightbox figure .closemsg {
        display: block;
        margin: auto;
        height: 0;
        overflow: visible;
        text-align: right;
        z-index: 2;
        cursor: default;
      }

      div.lightbox figure .closemsg,
      div.lightbox figure figcaption {
        width: 300px;
      }

      .closemsg::after {
        content: "\00D7";
        display: inline-block;
        position: relative;
        right: -20px;
        top: -10px;
        z-index: 3;
        color: #ffffff;
        border: 1px #ffffff solid;
        border-radius: 10px;
        width: 20px;
        height: 20px;
        line-height: 18px;
        text-align: center;
        margin: 0;
        background-color: #000000;
        font-weight: bold;
        cursor: pointer;
      }

      .closemsg::before {
        content: "";
        display: block;
        position: fixed;
        left: 0;
        top: 0;
        width: 100%;
        height: 100%;
        background-color: #000000;
        opacity: 0.85;
      }
    </style>
  </head>

  <body>
    <h1>Pure CSS Lightbox</h1>

    <p>Some sample text&hellip;</p>

    <p>
      [ <a href="#example1">Open example #1</a> |
      <a href="#example2">Open example #2</a> ]
    </p>

    <p>Another sample text&hellip;</p>

    <div class="lightbox" id="example1">
      <figure>
        <a href="#" class="closemsg"></a>
        <figcaption>
          Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Donec felis
          enim, placerat id eleifend eu, semper vel sem. Sed interdum commodo
          enim venenatis pulvinar. Proin mattis lorem vitae diam scelerisque
          hendrerit. Fusce cursus imperdiet mauris, vitae hendrerit velit
          dignissim a. Suspendisse potenti. Aenean feugiat facilisis diam, in
          posuere sapien mattis vel. Proin molestie rutrum diam, pharetra
          feugiat ligula sollicitudin sed. Etiam cursus diam quis tellus aliquam
          gravida. Aliquam erat volutpat.<br />
          Etiam varius adipiscing mi eget imperdiet. Nulla quis vestibulum leo.
          Integer molestie massa ut massa commodo in blandit purus aliquam.
          Mauris sit amet posuere massa. Ut a eleifend augue. Proin sodales
          mauris nec tellus pharetra dictum.
        </figcaption>
      </figure>
    </div>

    <div class="lightbox" id="example2">
      <figure>
        <a href="#" class="closemsg"></a>
        <figcaption>
          Cras risus odio, pharetra nec ultricies et, mollis ac augue. Nunc et
          diam quis sapien dignissim auctor. Quisque quis neque arcu, nec
          gravida magna. Etiam ullamcorper augue quis orci posuere et tincidunt
          augue semper. Maecenas varius augue eu orci auctor bibendum tristique
          ligula egestas. Morbi pharetra tortor iaculis erat porta id aliquam
          leo cursus. Ut nec elit vel mauris dapibus lacinia eget sed odio.
        </figcaption>
      </figure>
    </div>
  </body>
</html>

規範

Specification
HTML Standard # selector-target
Selectors Level 4 # the-target-pseudo

瀏覽器兼容性

BCD tables only load in the browser

參見

使用 :target (en-US)