:target

:target CSS 伪类代表一个唯一的页面元素(目标元素)，其id 与当前URL片段匹配 .

/* 选择一个ID与当前URL片段匹配的元素*/
:target {
  border: 2px solid black;
}

例如, 以下URL拥有一个片段 (以#标识的) ，该片段指向一个ID为section2的页面元素:

http://www.example.com/index.html#section2

若当前URL等于上面的URL，下面的元素可以通过 :target选择器被选中：

<section id="section2">Example</section>

语法

:target

示例

一个内容列表

:target 伪类可用于加亮显示页面中可从表格内容中链接到的部分。

HTML

<h3>Table of Contents</h3>
<ol>
 <li><a href="#p1">Jump to the first paragraph!</a></li>
 <li><a href="#p2">Jump to the second paragraph!</a></li>
 <li><a href="#nowhere">This link goes nowhere,
   because the target doesn't exist.</a></li>
</ol>

<h3>My Fun Article</h3>
<p id="p1">You can target <i>this paragraph</i> using a
  URL fragment. Click on the link above to try out!</p>
<p id="p2">This is <i>another paragraph</i>, also accessible
  from the links above. Isn't that delightful?</p>

CSS

p:target {
  background-color: gold;
}

/* 在目标元素中增加一个伪元素*/
p:target::before {
  font: 70% sans-serif;
  content: "►";
  color: limegreen;
  margin-right: .25em;
}

/*在目标元素中使用italic样式*/
p:target i {
  color: red;
}

结果

纯CSS高亮

你可以不使用任何Javascript代码，只使用:target伪类创建一个加亮框。该技术依赖于初始化时就隐藏在页面中的链接到指定元素的锚。一旦定位，CSS就会更改其display 以便显示它们。

注意:一个基于:target伪类的更为完善的纯-CSS加亮框可以在GitHub (demo)上找到。

HTML

<ul>
  <li><a href="#example1">Open example #1</a></li>
  <li><a href="#example2">Open example #2</a></li>
</ul>

<div class="lightbox" id="example1">
  <figure>
    <a href="#" class="close"></a>
    <figcaption>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
      Donec felis enim, placerat id eleifend eu, semper vel sem.</figcaption>
  </figure>
</div>

<div class="lightbox" id="example2">
  <figure>
    <a href="#" class="close"></a>
    <figcaption>Cras risus odio, pharetra nec ultricies et,
      mollis ac augue. Nunc et diam quis sapien dignissim auctor.
      Quisque quis neque arcu, nec gravida magna.</figcaption>
  </figure>
</div>

CSS

/* Unopened lightbox */
.lightbox {
  display: none;
}

/* Opened lightbox */
.lightbox:target {
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

/* Lightbox content */
.lightbox figcaption {
  width: 25rem;
  position: relative;
  padding: 1.5em;
  background-color: lightpink;
}

/* Close button */
.lightbox .close {
  position: relative;
  display: block;
}

.lightbox .close::after {
  right: -1rem;
  top: -1rem;
  width: 2rem;
  height: 2rem;
  position: absolute;
  display: flex;
  z-index: 1;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  background-color: black;
  border-radius: 50%;
  color: white;
  content: "×";
  cursor: pointer;
}

/* Lightbox overlay */
.lightbox .close::before {
  left: 0;
  top: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  position: fixed;
  background-color: rgba(0,0,0,.7);
  content: "";
  cursor: default;
}

结果

规范

规范	状态	备注
HTML Living Standard :target	Living Standard	Defines HTML-specific semantics.
Selectors Level 4 :target	Working Draft	No changes.
Selectors Level 3 :target	Recommendation	Initial definition.

浏览器兼容性

BCD tables only load in the browser

参见

Using the :target pseudo-class in selectors