ShadowRoot

The ShadowRoot interface of the Shadow DOM API is the root node of a DOM subtree that is rendered separately from a document's main DOM tree.

You can retrieve a reference to an element's shadow root using its Element.shadowRoot property, provided it was created using Element.attachShadow() with the mode option set to open.

ShadowRoot.activeElement Read only

Returns the Element within the shadow tree that has focus.

ShadowRoot.delegatesFocus Read only

Returns a boolean that indicates whether delegatesFocus was set when the shadow was attached (see Element.attachShadow()).

ShadowRoot.fullscreenElement Read only

The element that's currently in full screen mode for this shadow tree.

ShadowRoot.host Read only

Returns a reference to the DOM element the ShadowRoot is attached to.

ShadowRoot.innerHTML

Sets or returns a reference to the DOM tree inside the ShadowRoot.

ShadowRoot.mode Read only

The mode of the ShadowRoot — either open or closed. This defines whether or not the shadow root's internal features are accessible from JavaScript.

ShadowRoot.pictureInPictureElement Read only

Returns the Element within the shadow tree that is currently being presented in picture-in-picture mode.

The ShadowRoot interface includes the following properties defined on the DocumentOrShadowRoot mixin. Note that this is currently only implemented by Chrome; other browsers still implement them on the Document interface.

DocumentOrShadowRoot.styleSheets Read only

Returns a StyleSheetList of CSSStyleSheet objects for stylesheets explicitly linked into, or embedded in a document.

The ShadowRoot interface includes the following methods defined on the DocumentOrShadowRoot mixin. Note that this is currently only implemented by Chrome; other browsers still implement them on the Document interface.

DocumentOrShadowRoot.getSelection()

Returns a Selection object representing the range of text selected by the user, or the current position of the caret.

DocumentOrShadowRoot.elementFromPoint()

Returns the topmost element at the specified coordinates.

DocumentOrShadowRoot.elementsFromPoint()

Returns an array of all elements at the specified coordinates.

DocumentOrShadowRoot.caretPositionFromPoint()

Returns a CaretPosition object containing the DOM node containing the caret, and caret's character offset within that node.

The following snippets are taken from our life-cycle-callbacks example (see it live also), which creates an element that displays a square of a size and color specified in the element's attributes.

Inside the <custom-square> element's class definition we include some life cycle callbacks that make a call to an external function, updateStyle(), which actually applies the size and color to the element. You'll see that we are passing it this (the custom element itself) as a parameter.

connectedCallback() {
  console.log('Custom square element added to page.');
  updateStyle(this);
}

attributeChangedCallback(name, oldValue, newValue) {
  console.log('Custom square element attributes changed.');
  updateStyle(this);
}

In the updateStyle() function itself, we get a reference to the shadow DOM using Element.shadowRoot. From here we use standard DOM traversal techniques to find the <style> element inside the shadow DOM and then update the CSS found inside it:

function updateStyle(elem) {
  var shadow = elem.shadowRoot;
  var childNodes = shadow.childNodes;
  for(var i = 0; i < childNodes.length; i++) {
    if(childNodes[i].nodeName === 'STYLE') {
      childNodes[i].textContent =
        'div {' +
          'width: ' + elem.getAttribute('l') + 'px;' +
          'height: ' + elem.getAttribute('l') + 'px;' +
          'background-color: ' + elem.getAttribute('c') + ';' +
        '}';
    }
  }
}