scale3d()

Baseline Widely available

This feature is well established and works across many devices and browser versions. It’s been available across browsers since March 2022.

The scale3d() CSS function defines a transformation that resizes an element in 3D space. Because the amount of scaling is defined by a vector [sx, sy, sz], it can resize different dimensions at different scales. Its result is a <transform-function> data type.

Try it

This scaling transformation is characterized by a three-dimensional vector. Its coordinates define how much scaling is done in each direction. If all three coordinates are equal, the scaling is uniform (isotropic) and the aspect ratio of the element is preserved (this is a homothetic transformation).

When a coordinate value is outside the [-1, 1] range, the element grows along that dimension; when inside, it shrinks. If it is negative, the result a point reflection in that dimension. A value of 1 has no effect.

Syntax

The scale3d() function is specified with three values, which represent the amount of scaling to be applied in each direction.

css

scale3d(sx, sy, sz)

Values

sx: Is a <number> representing the abscissa (horizontal, x-component) of the scaling vector.
sy: Is a <number> representing the ordinate (vertical, y-component) of the scaling vector.
sz: Is a <number> representing the z-component of the scaling vector.

Cartesian coordinates on ℝ^2	Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ^2	Cartesian coordinates on ℝ^3	Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ^3
This transformation applies to the 3D space and can't be represented on the plane.		$\left( \begin{array}{ccc} sx & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & sy & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & sz \end{array} \right)$	$\left( \begin{array}{cccc} sx & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & sy & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & sz & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \end{array} \right)$

Formal syntax

<scale3d()> = 
  scale3d( [ <number> | <percentage> ]#{3} )

Examples

Without changing the origin

HTML

html

<div>Normal</div>
<div class="scaled">Scaled</div>

CSS

css

div {
  width: 80px;
  height: 80px;
  background-color: skyblue;
}

.scaled {
  transform: perspective(500px) scale3d(2, 0.7, 0.2) translateZ(100px);
  background-color: pink;
}

Result

Translating the origin of the transformation

HTML

html

<div>Normal</div>
<div class="scaled">Scaled</div>

CSS

css

div {
  width: 80px;
  height: 80px;
  background-color: skyblue;
}

.scaled {
  transform: perspective(500px) scale3d(2, 0.7, 0.2) translateZ(100px);
  transform-origin: left;
  background-color: pink;
}

Result

Specifications

Specification
CSS Transforms Module Level 2 # funcdef-scale3d

Browser compatibility

BCD tables only load in the browser