background-repeat

Summary

The background-repeat CSS property defines how background images are repeated. A background image can be repeated along the horizontal axis, the vertical axis, both, or not repeated at all. When the repetition of the image tiles doesn't let them exactly cover the background, the way adjustments are done can be controlled by the author: by default, the last image is clipped, but the different tiles can instead be re-sized, or space can be inserted between the tiles.

Syntax

background-repeat: repeat-style[, repeat-style]*

Values

repeat-style

Is following either the one-value syntax — and in that case the values are shorthand for ther two-value equivalent:

repeat-x	is the equivalent of repeat no-repeat
repeat-y	is the equivalent of no-repeat repeat
repeat	is the equivalent of repeat repeat
space	is the equivalent of space space
round	is the equivalent of round round
no-repeat	is the equivalent of no-repeat no-repeat

Or the two-value syntax where the first value represents the horizontal behavior of the repetition and the second value the vertical behavior:
 

repeat	The image is repeated in the given direction as much as needed to cover the whole background image painting area. The last image may be clipped if the whole thing won't fit in the remaining area.
space	The image is repeated in the given direction as much as needed to cover most of the background image painting area, without clipping an image. The remaining non-covered space is spaced out evenly between the images. The first and last images touches the edge of the element. The value of the background-position CSS property is ignored for the concerned direction, except if one single image is greater than the background image painting area, which is the only case where an image can be clipped when the space value is used.
round	The image is repeated in the given direction as much as needed to cover most of the background image painting area, without clipping an image. If it doesn't cover exactly the area, the tiles are resized in that direction in order to match it.
no-repeat	The image is not repeated (and hence the background image painting area will not necessarily been entirely covered). The position of the non-repeated background image is defined by the background-position CSS property.

Examples

HTML

<ol>
    <li>no-repeat
        <div class="one">&nbsp;</div>
    </li>
    <li>repeat
        <div class="two">&nbsp;</div>
    </li>
    <li>repeat-x
        <div class="three">&nbsp;</div>
    </li>
    <li>repeat-y
        <div class="four">&nbsp;</div>
    </li>
    <li>repeat-x, repeat-y (multiple images)
        <div class="five">&nbsp;</div>
    </li>
</ol>

CSS

/* Shared for all DIVS in example */
li {margin-bottom: 12px;}
div {
    background-image: url(https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/12005/starsolid.gif);
    width: 144px;
    height: 84px;
}

/* background repeat CSS */
.one {
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
}
.two {
    background-repeat: repeat;
}
.three {
    background-repeat: repeat-x;
}
.four {
    background-repeat: repeat-y;
}

/* Multiple images */
.five {
    background-image:  url(https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/12005/starsolid.gif),
                       url(https://developer.cdn.mozilla.net/media/redesign/img/favicon32.png);
    background-repeat: repeat-x,
                       repeat-y;
    height: 144px;
}

Result

In this example, each list item is matched with a different value of background-repeat.

Specifications

Browser compatibility

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See also

• Using CSS multiple backgrounds