Riferimento JavaScript

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  1. Oggetti globali
  2. Statements
  3. Espressioni e operatori
  4. Expressions and operators by category
  5. Funzioni
  6. Altre pagine utili

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Questa sezione riguardante JavaScript contiene informazioni riguardo a tale linguaggio. Leggi altre informazioni riguardo a questa documentazione.

Oggetti globali

Questo capitolo documenta tutti gli oggetti standard predefiniti di JavaScript, con i loro metodi e le loro proprietà.

Valori

Varabili globali che rappresentano un valore semplice, non hanno altre proprietà o metodi.

Funzioni

Queste funzioni globali che vengono richiamate direttamente restituiscono direttamente il risultato al chiamante

Oggetti fondamentali

Oggetti generali di Javascrpt, sui quali sono basati tutti gli altri oggetti. Rappresentano oggetti, funzioni ed errori.

Numeri e date

Oggetti usati per rappresentare numeri, date e calcoli matematici.

Elaborazione del testo

Oggetti che rappresentano le stringe o il supporto per manipolarle.

Collezioni ordinate

Questi oggetti rappresentano delle collezioni di dati che sono ordinati secondo un indice. Includono array tipizzati ed costruttori simili ad array.

Collezioni chiave-valore

Oggetti che rappresentano collezzioni che usano delle chiavi per identificarne gli elementi; si può iterare attraverso gli elementi nell'ordine in cui sono stati inseriti.

Dati strutturati

Oggetti che rappresentano e interagiscono con buffer di dati e con dati codificati utilizzando JavaScript Object Notation (JSON).

Oggetti di controllo dell'astrazione

Reflection

Internazionalizzazione

Oggetti aggiunti a ECMAScript per le funzionalità che dipendono dalla lingua.

 

WebAssembly

 

Altro

Statements

Questo capitolo documenta tutti gli statements e le dichiarazioni JavaScript.

For an alphabetical listing see the sidebar on the left.

Control flow

Block
A block statement is used to group zero or more statements. The block is delimited by a pair of curly brackets.
break
Terminates the current loop, switch, or label statement and transfers program control to the statement following the terminated statement.
continue
Terminates execution of the statements in the current iteration of the current or labeled loop, and continues execution of the loop with the next iteration.
Empty
An empty statement is used to provide no statement, although the JavaScript syntax would expect one.
if...else
Executes a statement if a specified condition is true. If the condition is false, another statement can be executed.
switch
Evaluates an expression, matching the expression's value to a case clause, and executes statements associated with that case.
throw
Throws a user-defined exception.
try...catch
Marks a block of statements to try, and specifies a response, should an exception be thrown.

Declarations

var
Declares a variable, optionally initializing it to a value.
let
Declares a block scope local variable, optionally initializing it to a value.
const
Declares a read-only named constant.

Functions and classes

function
Declares a function with the specified parameters.
function*
Generators functions enable writing iterators more easily.
return
Specifies the value to be returned by a function.
class
Declares a class.

Iterations

do...while
Creates a loop that executes a specified statement until the test condition evaluates to false. The condition is evaluated after executing the statement, resulting in the specified statement executing at least once.
for
Creates a loop that consists of three optional expressions, enclosed in parentheses and separated by semicolons, followed by a statement executed in the loop.
for each...in
Iterates a specified variable over all values of object's properties. For each distinct property, a specified statement is executed.
for...in
Iterates over the enumerable properties of an object, in arbitrary order. For each distinct property, statements can be executed.
for...of
Iterates over iterable objects (including arrays, array-like objects, iterators and generators), invoking a custom iteration hook with statements to be executed for the value of each distinct property.
while
Creates a loop that executes a specified statement as long as the test condition evaluates to true. The condition is evaluated before executing the statement.

Others

debugger
Invokes any available debugging functionality. If no debugging functionality is available, this statement has no effect.
export
Used to export functions to make them available for imports in external modules, another scripts.
import
Used to import functions exported from an external module, another script.
label
Provides a statement with an identifier that you can refer to using a break or continue statement.
with
Extends the scope chain for a statement.

Espressioni e operatori

Questo capitolo documenta espresisioni e operatori di JavaScript.

Expressions and operators by category

For an alphabetical listing see the sidebar on the left.

Primary expressions

Basic keywords and general expressions in JavaScript.

this
The this keyword refers to the function's execution context.
function
The function keyword defines a function expression.
class
The class keyword defines a class expression.
function*
The function* keyword defines a generator function expression.
yield
Pause and resume a generator function
yield*
Delegate to another generator function or iterable object.
[]
Array initializer/literal syntax.
{}
Object initializer/literal syntax.
/ab+c/i
Regular expression literal syntax.
[for (x of y) x]
Array comprehensions.
(for (x of y) y)
Generator comprehensions.
( )
Grouping operator.

Left-hand-side expressions

Left values are the destination of an assignment.

Property accessors
Member operators provide access to a property or method of an object
(object.property and object["property"]).
new
The new operator creates an instance of a constructor.
super
The super keyword calls the parent constructor.
...obj
The spread operator allows an expression to be expanded in places where multiple arguments (for function calls) or multiple elements (for array literals) are expected.

Increment and decrement

Postfix/prefix increment and postfix/prefix decrement operators.

A++
Postfix increment operator.
A--
Postfix decrement operator.
++A
Prefix increment operator.
--A
Prefix decrement operator.

Unary operators

A unary operation is operation with only one operand.

delete
The delete operator deletes a property from an object.
void
The void operator discards an expression's return value.
typeof
The typeof operator determines the type of a given object.
+
The unary plus operator converts its operand to Number type.
-
The unary negation operator converts its operand to Number type and then negates it.
~
Bitwise NOT operator.
!
Logical NOT operator.

Arithmetic operators

Arithmetic operators take numerical values (either literals or variables) as their operands and return a single numerical value.

+
Addition operator.
-
Subtraction operator.
/
Division operator.
*
Multiplication operator.
%
Remainder operator.

Relational operators

A comparison operator compares its operands and returns a Boolean value based on whether the comparison is true.

in
The in operator determines whether an object has a given property.
instanceof
The instanceof operator determines whether an object is an instance of another object.
<
Less than operator.
>
Greater than operator.
<=
Less than or equal operator.
>=
Greater than or equal operator.

Equality operators

The result of evaluating an equality operator is always of type Boolean based on whether the comparison is true.

==
Equality operator.
!=
Inequality operator.
===
Identity operator.
!==
Nonidentity operator.

Bitwise shift operators

Operations to shift all bits of the operand.

<<
Bitwise left shift operator.
>>
Bitwise right shift operator.
>>>
Bitwise unsigned right shift operator.

Binary bitwise operators

Bitwise operators treat their operands as a set of 32 bits (zeros and ones) and return standard JavaScript numerical values.

&
Bitwise AND.
|
Bitwise OR.
^
Bitwise XOR.

Binary logical operators

Logical operators are typically used with boolean (logical) values, and when they are, they return a boolean value.

&&
Logical AND.
||
Logical OR.

Conditional (ternary) operator

(condition ? ifTrue : ifFalse)

The conditional operator returns one of two values based on the logical value of the condition.

Assignment operators

An assignment operator assigns a value to its left operand based on the value of its right operand.

=
Assignment operator.
*=
Multiplication assignment.
/=
Division assignment.
%=
Remainder assignment.
+=
Addition assignment.
-=
Subtraction assignment
<<=
Left shift assignment.
>>=
Right shift assignment.
>>>=
Unsigned right shift assignment.
&=
Bitwise AND assignment.
^=
Bitwise XOR assignment.
|=
Bitwise OR assignment.
[a, b] = [1, 2]
{a, b} = {a:1, b:2}

Destructuring assignment allows you to assign the properties of an array or object to variables using syntax that looks similar to array or object literals.

Comma operator

,
The comma operator allows multiple expressions to be evaluated in a single statement and returns the result of the last expression.

Non-standard features

Legacy generator function
The function keyword can be used to define a legacy generator function inside an expression. To make the function a legacy generator, the function body should contains at least one yield expression.
Expression closures
The expression closure syntax is a shorthand for writing simple function.

Funzioni

Questo capitolo documenta come usare le funzioni in JavaScript.

Altre pagine utili

Tag del documento e collaboratori

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