1. 面向开发者的 Web 技术
  2. CSS：层叠样式表
  3. CSS 参考
  4. Properties
  5. clip-path

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clip-path

Baseline Widely available *

This feature is well established and works across many devices and browser versions. It’s been available across browsers since ⁨2020年1月⁩.

* Some parts of this feature may have varying levels of support.

clip-path CSS 属性使用裁剪方式创建元素的可显示区域。区域内的部分显示，区域外的隐藏。

尝试一下

clip-path: circle(40%);

clip-path: ellipse(130px 140px at 10% 20%);

clip-path: polygon(50% 0, 100% 50%, 50% 100%, 0 50%);

clip-path: path("M 0 200 L 0,75 A 5,5 0,0,1 150,75 L 200 200 z");

clip-path: rect(5px 145px 160px 5px round 20%);

clip-path: xywh(0 5px 100% 75% round 15% 0);

<section class="default-example" id="default-example">
  <div class="example-container">
    <img
      class="transition-all"
      id="example-element"
      src="/shared-assets/images/examples/balloon-small.jpg"
      width="150" />
    We had agreed, my companion and I, that I should call for him at his house,
    after dinner, not later than eleven o’clock. This athletic young Frenchman
    belongs to a small set of Parisian sportsmen, who have taken up “ballooning”
    as a pastime. After having exhausted all the sensations that are to be found
    in ordinary sports, even those of “automobiling” at a breakneck speed, the
    members of the “Aéro Club” now seek in the air, where they indulge in all
    kinds of daring feats, the nerve-racking excitement that they have ceased to
    find on earth.
  </div>
</section>

section {
  align-items: flex-start;
}

.example-container {
  text-align: left;
  padding: 20px;
}

#example-element {
  float: left;
  width: 150px;
  margin: 20px;
}

语法

css
/* Keyword values */
clip-path: none;

/* <clip-source> values */
clip-path: url(resources.svg#c1);

/* <geometry-box> values */
clip-path: margin-box;
clip-path: border-box;
clip-path: padding-box;
clip-path: content-box;
clip-path: fill-box;
clip-path: stroke-box;
clip-path: view-box;

/* <basic-shape> values */
clip-path: inset(100px 50px);
clip-path: circle(50px at 0 100px);
clip-path: ellipse(50px 60px at 10% 20%);
clip-path: polygon(50% 0%, 100% 50%, 50% 100%, 0% 50%);
clip-path: path(
  "M0.5,1 C0.5,1,0,0.7,0,0.3 A0.25,0.25,1,1,1,0.5,0.3 A0.25,0.25,1,1,1,1,0.3 C1,0.7,0.5,1,0.5,1 Z"
);

/* Box and shape values combined */
clip-path: padding-box circle(50px at 0 100px);

/* Global values */
clip-path: inherit;
clip-path: initial;
clip-path: revert;
clip-path: revert-layer;
clip-path: unset;

clip-path 属性指定为下面列出的值的一个或多个值的组合。

取值

<clip-source>

用 <url> 引用 SVG 的 <clipPath> 元素

<basic-shape>

一种形状，其大小和位置由 <geometry-box> 的值定义。如果没有指定 <geometry-box>，则将使用 border-box 用为参考框。取值可为以下值中的任意一个：

inset()

定义一个 inset 矩形。

circle()

定义一个圆形（使用一个半径和一个圆心位置）。

ellipse()

定义一个椭圆（使用两个半径和一个圆心位置）。

polygon()

定义一个多边形（使用一个 SVG 填充规则和一组顶点）。

path()

定义一个任意形状（使用一个可选的 SVG 填充规则和一个 SVG 路径定义）。

<geometry-box>

如果同 <basic-shape> 一起声明，它将为基本形状提供相应的参考框盒。通过自定义，它将利用确定的盒子边缘包括任何形状边角（比如说，被 border-radius 定义的剪切路径）。几何框盒可以有以下的值中的一个：

margin-box

使用 margin box 作为引用框。

border-box

使用 border box 作为引用框。

padding-box

使用 padding box 作为引用框。

content-box

使用 content box 作为引用框。

fill-box

利用对象边界框（object bounding box）作为引用框。

stroke-box

使用笔触边界框（stroke bounding box）作为引用框。

view-box

使用最近的 SVG 视口（viewport）作为引用框。如果 viewBox 属性被指定来为元素创建 SVG 视口，引用框将会被定位在坐标系的原点，引用框位于由 viewBox 属性建立的坐标系的原点，引用框的尺寸用来设置 viewBox 属性的宽高值。

none

不创建剪切路径。

备注：CSS 计算值不为 none 时，会创建新的层叠上下文，就像 CSS opacity 的值不为 1 时那样。

形式定义

初始值none
适用元素all elements; In SVG, it applies to container elements excluding the <defs> element and all graphics elements
是否是继承属性否
Percentagesrefer to reference box when specified, otherwise border-box
计算值as specified, but with <url> values made absolute
动画类型yes, as specified for <basic-shape>, otherwise no

形式语法

clip-path = 
  <clip-source>                        |
  [ <basic-shape> || <geometry-box> ]  |
  none                                 

<clip-source> = 
  <url>  

<geometry-box> = 
  <shape-box>  |
  fill-box     |
  stroke-box   |
  view-box     

<shape-box> = 
  <visual-box>     |
  margin-box       |
  half-border-box  

<visual-box> = 
  content-box  |
  padding-box  |
  border-box

示例

HTML 与 SVG 之间的对比

css
html,
body {
  height: 100%;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  background: #eee;
}

.grid {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  display: flex;
  font: 1em monospace;
}

.row {
  display: flex;
  flex: 1 auto;
  flex-direction: row;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.col {
  flex: 1 auto;
}

.cell {
  margin: 0.5em;
  padding: 0.5em;
  background-color: #fff;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-align: center;
  flex: 1;
}

.note {
  background: #fff3d4;
  padding: 1em;
  margin: 0.5em 0.5em 0;
  font: 0.8em sans-serif;
  text-align: left;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.note + .row .cell {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.container {
  display: inline-block;
  border: 1px dotted grey;
  position: relative;
}

.container:before {
  content: "margin";
  position: absolute;
  top: 2px;
  left: 2px;
  font: italic 0.6em sans-serif;
}

.viewbox {
  box-shadow:
    1rem 1rem 0 #efefef inset,
    -1rem -1rem 0 #efefef inset;
}

.container.viewbox:after {
  content: "viewbox";
  position: absolute;
  left: 1.1rem;
  top: 1.1rem;
  font: italic 0.6em sans-serif;
}

.cell span {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 0.5em;
}

p {
  font-family: sans-serif;
  background: #000;
  color: pink;
  margin: 2em;
  padding: 3em 1em;
  border: 1em solid pink;
  width: 6em;
}

.none {
  clip-path: none;
}
.svg {
  clip-path: url(#myPath);
}
.svg2 {
  clip-path: path(
    "M15,45 A30,30,0,0,1,75,45 A30,30,0,0,1,135,45 Q135,90,75,130 Q15,90,15,45 Z"
  );
}
.shape1 {
  clip-path: circle(25%);
}
.shape2 {
  clip-path: circle(25% at 25% 25%);
}
.shape3 {
  clip-path: fill-box circle(25% at 25% 25%);
}
.shape4 {
  clip-path: stroke-box circle(25% at 25% 25%);
}
.shape5 {
  clip-path: view-box circle(25% at 25% 25%);
}
.shape6 {
  clip-path: margin-box circle(25% at 25% 25%);
}
.shape7 {
  clip-path: border-box circle(25% at 25% 25%);
}
.shape8 {
  clip-path: padding-box circle(25% at 25% 25%);
}
.shape9 {
  clip-path: content-box circle(25% at 25% 25%);
}

.defs {
  width: 0;
  height: 0;
  margin: 0;
}

pre {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

svg {
  margin: 1em;
  font-family: sans-serif;
  width: 192px;
  height: 192px;
}

svg rect {
  stroke: pink;
  stroke-width: 16px;
}

svg text {
  fill: pink;
  text-anchor: middle;
}

svg text.em {
  font-style: italic;
}

完整示例

HTML

html
<img id="clipped" src="mdn.svg" alt="MDN logo" />
<svg height="0" width="0">
  <defs>
    <clipPath id="cross">
      <rect y="110" x="137" width="90" height="90" />
      <rect x="0" y="110" width="90" height="90" />
      <rect x="137" y="0" width="90" height="90" />
      <rect x="0" y="0" width="90" height="90" />
    </clipPath>
  </defs>
</svg>

<select id="clipPath">
  <option value="none">none</option>
  <option value="circle(100px at 110px 100px)">circle</option>
  <option value="url(#cross)" selected>cross</option>
  <option value="inset(20px round 20px)">inset</option>
  <option value="path('M 0 200 L 0,110 A 110,90 0,0,1 240,100 L 200 340 z')">
    path
  </option>
</select>

CSS

css
#clipped {
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  clip-path: url(#cross);
}

结果

规范

Specification
CSS Masking Module Level 1
# the-clip-path

浏览器兼容性

参见

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