mask

简介

css的mask属性允许使用者通过部分或者完全隐藏一个元素的可见区域。这种效果可以通过遮罩或者裁切特定区域的图片。

Syntax

/* Keyword values */
mask: none;

/* Image values */
mask: url(mask.png);                       /* 使用位图来做像素级的遮罩 */
mask: url(masks.svg#star);                 /* 使用SVG图形中的形状来做遮罩 */

/* Combined values */
mask: url(masks.svg#star) luminance;       /* Element within SVG graphic used as luminance mask */
mask: url(masks.svg#star) 40px 20px;       /* 使用SVG图形中的形状来做遮罩并设定它的位置：离上边缘40px，离左边缘20px */
mask: url(masks.svg#star) 0 0/50px 50px;   /* 使用SVG图形中的形状来做遮罩并设定它的位置和大小：长宽都是50px */
mask: url(masks.svg#star) repeat-x;        /* Element within SVG graphic used as horizontally repeated mask */
mask: url(masks.svg#star) stroke-box;      /* Element within SVG graphic used as mask extending to the box enclosed by the stroke */
mask: url(masks.svg#star) exclude;         /* Element within SVG graphic used as mask and combined with background using non-overlapping parts */

/* Global values */
mask: inherit;
mask: initial;
mask: unset;

Values

<mask-reference>

设置遮罩图片的路径. See mask-image.

<masking-mode>

设置遮罩图片的模式. See mask-mode.

<position>

设置遮罩图片的位置。 See mask-position.

<bg-size>

设置遮罩的大小. See mask-size.

<repeat-style>

设置遮罩图片的重复性. See mask-repeat.

<geometry-box>

如果只有一个 <geometry-box> 值被赋予， 他将会设置mask-origin 和 mask-clip.如果两个<geometry-box> 值显示, 第一个值代表 mask-origin 第二个值代表 mask-clip.

<geometry-box> | no-clip

设置区域, 会被遮罩图片影响. See mask-clip.

<compositing-operator>

设置遮罩图层的组合操作。 See mask-composite.

Formal syntax

<mask-layer>#
where 
<mask-layer> = <mask-reference> || <position> [ / <bg-size> ]? || <repeat-style> || <geometry-box> || [ <geometry-box> | no-clip ] || <compositing-operator> || <masking-mode>
where 
<mask-reference> = none | <image> | <mask-source>
<position> = [ [ left | center | right ] || [ top | center | bottom ] | [ left | center | right | <length-percentage> ] [ top | center | bottom | <length-percentage> ]? | [ [ left | right ] <length-percentage> ] && [ [ top | bottom ] <length-percentage> ] ]
<bg-size> = [ <length-percentage> | auto ]{1,2} | cover | contain
<repeat-style> = repeat-x | repeat-y | [ repeat | space | round | no-repeat ]{1,2}
<geometry-box> = <shape-box> | fill-box | stroke-box | view-box
<compositing-operator> = add | subtract | intersect | exclude
<masking-mode> = alpha | luminance | match-source
where 
<image> = <url> | <image()> | <image-set()> | <element()> | <cross-fade()> | <gradient>
<mask-source> = <url>
<length-percentage> = <length> | <percentage>
<shape-box> = <box> | margin-box
where 
<image()> = image( [ [ <image> | <string> ]? , <color>? ]! )
<image-set()> = image-set( <image-set-option># )
<element()> = element( <id-selector> )
<cross-fade()> = cross-fade( <cf-mixing-image> , <cf-final-image>? )
<gradient> = <linear-gradient()> | <repeating-linear-gradient()> | <radial-gradient()> | <repeating-radial-gradient()>
<box> = border-box | padding-box | content-box
where 
<color> = <rgb()> | <rgba()> | <hsl()> | <hsla()> | <hex-color> | <named-color> | currentcolor | <deprecated-system-color>
<image-set-option> = [ <image> | <string> ] <resolution>
<id-selector> = <hash-token>
<cf-mixing-image> = <percentage>? && <image>
<cf-final-image> = <image> | <color>
<linear-gradient()> = linear-gradient( [ <angle> | to <side-or-corner> ]? , <color-stop-list> )
<repeating-linear-gradient()> = repeating-linear-gradient( [ <angle> | to <side-or-corner> ]? , <color-stop-list> )
<radial-gradient()> = radial-gradient( [ <ending-shape> || <size> ]? [ at <position> ]? , <color-stop-list> )
<repeating-radial-gradient()> = repeating-radial-gradient( [ <ending-shape> || <size> ]? [ at <position> ]? , <color-stop-list> )
where 
<rgb()> = rgb( <percentage>{3} [ / <alpha-value> ]? ) | rgb( <number>{3} [ / <alpha-value> ]? ) | rgb( <percentage>#{3} , <alpha-value>? ) | rgb( <number>#{3} , <alpha-value>? )
<rgba()> = rgba( <percentage>{3} [ / <alpha-value> ]? ) | rgba( <number>{3} [ / <alpha-value> ]? ) | rgba( <percentage>#{3} , <alpha-value>? ) | rgba( <number>#{3} , <alpha-value>? )
<hsl()> = hsl( <hue> <percentage> <percentage> [ / <alpha-value> ]? ) | hsl( <hue>, <percentage>, <percentage>, <alpha-value>? )
<hsla()> = hsla( <hue> <percentage> <percentage> [ / <alpha-value> ]? ) | hsla( <hue>, <percentage>, <percentage>, <alpha-value>? )
<side-or-corner> = [ left | right ] || [ top | bottom ]
<color-stop-list> = <color-stop>#{2,}
<ending-shape> = circle | ellipse
<size> = closest-side | farthest-side | closest-corner | farthest-corner | <length> | <length-percentage>{2}
where 
<alpha-value> = <number> | <percentage>
<hue> = <number> | <angle>
<color-stop> = <color> <length-percentage>?

例子

.target {
  mask: url(#c1) luminance;
}

.anothertarget {
  mask: url(resources.svg#c1) 50px 30px/10px 10px repeat-x exclude;
}

参数

浏览器兼容性

We're converting our compatibility data into a machine-readable JSON format. This compatibility table still uses the old format, because we haven't yet converted the data it contains. Find out how you can help!

[1] 而这个属性本身是经过验证的,值的应用没有任何影响。虽然也有webkit前缀的属性,可它使用在SVG和HTML中语法略有不同(也允许设置非标准的{ { cssxref(-webkit-mask-attachment)} }属性)。

[2] Starting in Gecko 10.0 (Firefox 10.0 / Thunderbird 10.0 / SeaMonkey 2.7), the default color space when handling masks is sRGB; previously, the default (and only supported color space) was linearRGB. This changes the appearance of mask effects, but brings Gecko into compliance with the second edition of the SVG 1.1 specification.

[3] While the property itself is recognized, values applied to it don't have any effect. Though there is also a -webkit prefixed property, which can be used within SVG and HTML with a slightly different syntax (also allowing to set the non-standard -webkit-mask-attachment property).

[4] The shorthand version of the property is currently not implemented. It is only available in Nightly and Dev Edition. See bug 1251161.

See also

• clip-path, filter
• Applying SVG effects to HTML content
• SVG