backdrop-filter

Baseline 2024

Newly available

Since September 2024, this feature works across the latest devices and browser versions. This feature might not work in older devices or browsers.

backdrop-filter CSS 属性可以让你为一个元素后面区域添加图形效果（如模糊或颜色偏移）。因为它适用于元素背后的所有元素，为了看到效果，必须使元素或其背景至少部分透明。

尝试一下

backdrop-filter: blur(10px);

backdrop-filter: invert(80%);

backdrop-filter: sepia(90%);

<section class="default-example" id="default-example">
  <div class="example-container">
    <div id="example-element">Example</div>
  </div>
</section>

.example-container {
  background-image: url("/shared-assets/images/examples/balloon.jpg");
  background-size: cover;
  width: 200px;
  height: 200px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: black;
}

#example-element {
  font-weight: bold;
  flex: 1;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 20px 10px;
  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
}

语法

css

/* 关键词值 */
backdrop-filter: none;

/* 指向 SVG 滤镜的 URL */
backdrop-filter: url(commonfilters.svg#filter);

/* <filter-function> 值 */
backdrop-filter: blur(2px);
backdrop-filter: brightness(60%);
backdrop-filter: contrast(40%);
backdrop-filter: drop-shadow(4px 4px 10px blue);
backdrop-filter: grayscale(30%);
backdrop-filter: hue-rotate(120deg);
backdrop-filter: invert(70%);
backdrop-filter: opacity(20%);
backdrop-filter: sepia(90%);
backdrop-filter: saturate(80%);

/* 多重滤镜 */
backdrop-filter: url(filters.svg#filter) blur(4px) saturate(150%);

/* 全局值 */
backdrop-filter: inherit;
backdrop-filter: initial;
backdrop-filter: revert;
backdrop-filter: revert-layer;
backdrop-filter: unset;

值

none: 没有应用于背景的滤镜。
<filter-value-list>: 以空格分隔的 <filter-function> 或是要应用到背景上的 SVG 滤镜。CSS 的 <filter-function> 包括 blur()、brightness()、contrast()、drop-shadow()、grayscale()、hue-rotate()、invert()、opacity()、saturate() 和 sepia()。

形式定义

初始值	`none`
适用元素	all elements; In SVG, it applies to container elements excluding the `<defs>` element and all graphics elements
是否是继承属性	否
计算值	as specified
动画类型	a filter function list

形式语法

backdrop-filter = 
  none                 |
  <filter-value-list>  

<filter-value-list> = 
  [ <filter-function> | <url> ]+  

<filter-function> = 
  <blur()>         |
  <brightness()>   |
  <contrast()>     |
  <drop-shadow()>  |
  <grayscale()>    |
  <hue-rotate()>   |
  <invert()>       |
  <opacity()>      |
  <sepia()>        |
  <saturate()>     

<url> = 
  <url()>  |
  <src()>  

<blur()> = 
  blur( <length>? )  

<brightness()> = 
  brightness( [ <number> | <percentage> ]? )  

<contrast()> = 
  contrast( [ <number> | <percentage> ]? )  

<drop-shadow()> = 
  drop-shadow( [ <color>? && <length>{2,3} ] )  

<grayscale()> = 
  grayscale( [ <number> | <percentage> ]? )  

<hue-rotate()> = 
  hue-rotate( [ <angle> | <zero> ]? )  

<invert()> = 
  invert( [ <number> | <percentage> ]? )  

<opacity()> = 
  opacity( [ <number> | <percentage> ]? )  

<sepia()> = 
  sepia( [ <number> | <percentage> ]? )  

<saturate()> = 
  saturate( [ <number> | <percentage> ]? )  

<url()> = 
  url( <string> <url-modifier>* )  |
  <url-token>                      

<src()> = 
  src( <string> <url-modifier>* )

示例

CSS

css

.box {
  background-color: rgb(255 255 255 / 30%);
  backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
}

body {
  background-image: url("anemones.jpg");
}

html,
body {
  height: 100%;
  width: 100%;
}

.container {
  background-size: cover;
  align-items: center;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  height: 100%;
  width: 100%;
}
.box {
  border-radius: 5px;
  font-family: sans-serif;
  text-align: center;
  max-width: 50%;
  max-height: 50%;
  padding: 20px 40px;
}

HTML

html

<div class="container">
  <div class="box">
    <p>backdrop-filter: blur(10px)</p>
  </div>
</div>

结果

规范

Specification
Filter Effects Module Level 2 # BackdropFilterProperty