Array.prototype.flat()

The flat() method creates a new array with all sub-array elements concatenated into it recursively up to the specified depth.

{{EmbedInteractiveExample("pages/js/array-flatten.html")}}

The source for this interactive example is stored in a GitHub repository. If you'd like to contribute to the interactive examples project, please clone https://github.com/mdn/interactive-examples and send us a pull request.

Syntax

var newArray = arr.flat([depth]);

Parameters

depth Optional

The depth level specifying how deep a nested array structure should be flattened. Defaults to 1.

Return value

A new array with the sub-array elements concatenated into it.

Examples

Flattening nested arrays

var arr1 = [1, 2, [3, 4]];
arr1.flat(); 
// [1, 2, 3, 4]

var arr2 = [1, 2, [3, 4, [5, 6]]];
arr2.flat();
// [1, 2, 3, 4, [5, 6]]

var arr3 = [1, 2, [3, 4, [5, 6]]];
arr3.flat(2);
// [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

Flattening and array holes

The flat method removes empty slots in arrays:

var arr4 = [1, 2, , 4, 5];
arr4.flat();
// [1, 2, 4, 5]

Alternative

reduce and concat

var arr1 = [1, 2, [3, 4]];
arr1.flat();

//to flat single level array
arr1.reduce((acc, val) => acc.concat(val), []);// [1, 2, 3, 4]

//or
const flatSingle = arr => [].concat(...arr);

//to enable deep level flatten use recursion with reduce and concat
var arr1 = [1,2,3,[1,2,3,4, [2,3,4]]];

function flattenDeep(arr1) {
   return arr1.reduce((acc, val) => Array.isArray(val) ? acc.concat(flattenDeep(val)) : acc.concat(val), []);
}
flattenDeep(arr1);// [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 3, 4]

//non recursive flatten deep using a stack
var arr1 = [1,2,3,[1,2,3,4, [2,3,4]]];
function flatten(input) {
  const stack = [...input];
  const res = [];
  while (stack.length) {
    // pop value from stack
    const next = stack.pop();
    if (Array.isArray(next)) {
      // push back array items, won't modify the original input
      stack.push(...next);
    } else {
      res.push(next);
    }
  }
  //reverse to restore input order
  return res.reverse();
}
flatten(arr1);// [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 3, 4]

Specifications

Browser compatibility

See also

• Array.prototype.flatMap()
• Array.prototype.map()
• Array.prototype.reduce()
• Array.prototype.concat()