Window
Baseline Widely available
This feature is well established and works across many devices and browser versions. It’s been available across browsers since July 2015.
O objeto window
representa uma janela que contém um elemento DOM; a propriedade document
aponta para o documento DOM document carregado naquela janela. Uma janela para um dado documento pode ser obtido usando a propriedade document.defaultView
.
Esta seção provê uma breve referência a todos os métodos, propriedades e eventos disponíveis através do objeto DOM window
. O objeto window
implementa a interface Window
, o qual herda da interface AbstractView
. Algumas funções globais, objeto de namespace, interfaces e construtores, apesar de não tipicamente associados ao objeto em questão, estão disponíveis e estão listados nas referências JavaScript Reference e DOM Reference.
Em um navegador com suporte a abas, como o Firefox, cada aba contém seu próprio objeto window
(e, se você estiver escrevendo uma extensão, a janela do navegador é uma janela distinta também - veja Working with windows in chrome code para mais informação). Isto é, o objeto window
não é compartilhado entre as abas na mesma janela. Alguns métodos, nomeadamente window.resizeTo
e window.resizeBy
aplicam-se à janela toda e não à aba em questão ao que o objeto window
pertence. Geralmente, qualquer coisa que não pode racionalmente pertencer a uma aba, pertence a uma janela..
Propriedades
Esta interface herda propriedades da interface EventTarget
e implementa propriedades de WindowTimers
, WindowBase64
, e WindowEventHandlers
.
Perceba que propriedades que são objetos (ex.: sobrecarregar o protótipo de elementos built-in) são listados em uma sessão separada abaixo.
Window.applicationCache
Somente leitura-
Um objeto
OfflineResourceList
fornece acesso aos recursos offline para o window. Window.closed
Non-standard Somente leitura-
Esta propriedade indica quando a window atual está fechada ou não.
Window.Components
Non-standard-
O ponto de entrada para muitas características XPCOM. Algumas propriedades, por exemplo, classes, estão apenas disponíveis para código suficientemente privilegiado. Código de Web não deve usar essa propriedade.
Window.console
Non-standard Somente leitura-
Retorna uma referência para o objeto console fornecendo acesso ao console debugging do navegador.
Window.content
and Window.content Non-standard Somente leitura-
Retorna uma referência para o elemento de conteúdo na janela atual. A variante obsoleta com sublinhado não está disponível a partir do conteúdo da Web.
Window.controllers
Non-standard Somente leitura-
Retorna os objetos de controlador XUL para a janela atual do crome.
Window.crypto
Somente leitura-
Retorna o objeto de criptografia do navegador.
Window.defaultStatus
-
Obtém/define o texto da barra de status para determinada janela.
Window.devicePixelRatio
Non-standard Somente leitura-
Returns the ratio between physical pixels and device independent pixels in the current display.
Window.dialogArguments
Somente leitura-
Gets the arguments passed to the window (if it's a dialog box) at the time
window.showModalDialog()
was called. This is annsIArray
. Window.directories
-
Synonym of
window.personalbar
Window.document
Somente leitura-
Retorna a referência à propriedade
document
que a janela contém. Window.frameElement
Somente leitura-
Returns the element in which the window is embedded, or null if the window is not embedded.
Window.frames
Somente leitura-
Returns an array of the subframes in the current window.
Window.fullScreen
-
This property indicates whether the window is displayed in full screen or not.
Window.globalStorage
Non-standard-
Unsupported since Gecko 13 (Firefox 13). Use
Window.localStorage
instead. Was: Multiple storage objects that are used for storing data across multiple pages. Window.history
Somente leitura-
Retorna a referência ao objeto
history
. Window.innerHeight
-
Gets the height of the content area of the browser window including, if rendered, the horizontal scrollbar.
window.innerWidth
-
Gets the width of the content area of the browser window including, if rendered, the vertical scrollbar.
Window.length
Somente leitura-
Returns the number of frames in the window. See also
window.frames
. Window.location
Somente leitura-
Gets/sets the location, or current URL, of the window object.
Window.locationbar
Somente leitura-
Returns the locationbar object, whose visibility can be toggled in the window.
WindowStorage.localStorage
Somente leitura-
Returns a reference to the local storage object used to store data that may only be accessed by the origin that created it.
-
Returns the menubar object, whose visibility can be toggled in the window.
Window.messageManager
-
Returns the message manager object for this window.
Window.mozAnimationStartTime
Somente leitura-
The time in milliseconds since epoch at which the current animation cycle began.
Window.mozInnerScreenX
Somente leitura Non-standard-
Returns the horizontal (X) coordinate of the top-left corner of the window's viewport, in screen coordinates. This value is reported in CSS pixels. See
mozScreenPixelsPerCSSPixel
innsIDOMWindowUtils
for a conversion factor to adapt to screen pixels if needed. Window.mozInnerScreenY
Somente leitura Non-standard-
Returns the vertical (Y) coordinate of the top-left corner of the window's viewport, in screen coordinates. This value is reported in CSS pixels. See
mozScreenPixelsPerCSSPixel
for a conversion factor to adapt to screen pixels if needed. Window.mozPaintCount
Non-standard Somente leitura-
Returns the number of times the current document has been rendered to the screen in this window. This can be used to compute rendering performance.
Window.name
-
Pega/attribui o nome ao objeto
window
. -
Returns a reference to the navigator object.
Window.opener
-
Returns a reference to the window that opened this current window.
Window.outerHeight
Somente leitura-
Gets the height of the outside of the browser window.
Window.outerWidth
Somente leitura-
Gets the width of the outside of the browser window.
Window.pageXOffset
Somente leitura-
An alias for
window.scrollX
. Window.pageYOffset
Somente leitura-
An alias for
window.scrollY
WindowSession.sessionStorage
Somente leitura-
…
SpeechSynthesisGetter.speechSynthesis
Somente leitura-
…
Window.parent
Somente leitura-
Returns a reference to the parent of the current window or subframe.
Window.performance
Somente leitura-
Provides a hosting area for performance related attributes.
Window.personalbar
Somente leitura-
Returns the personalbar object, whose visibility can be toggled in the window.
Window.pkcs11
-
Formerly provided access to install and remove PKCS11 modules.
Window.returnValue
-
The return value to be returned to the function that called
window.showModalDialog()
to display the window as a modal dialog. Window.screen
Somente leitura-
Returns a reference to the screen object associated with the window.
Window.screenX
Somente leitura-
Returns the horizontal distance of the left border of the user's browser from the left side of the screen.
Window.screenY
Somente leitura-
Returns the vertical distance of the top border of the user's browser from the top side of the screen.
Window.scrollbars
Somente leitura-
Returns the scrollbars object, whose visibility can be toggled in the window.
Window.scrollMaxX
Non-standard Somente leitura-
The maximum offset that the window can be scrolled to horizontally, that is the document width minus the viewport width.
Window.scrollMaxY
Non-standard Somente leitura-
The maximum offset that the window can be scrolled to vertically (i.e., the document height minus the viewport height).
Window.scrollX
Somente leitura-
Returns the number of pixels that the document has already been scrolled horizontally.
Window.scrollY
Somente leitura-
Returns the number of pixels that the document has already been scrolled vertically.
Window.self
Somente leitura-
Returns an object reference to the window object itself.
Window.sessionStorage
-
A storage object for storing data within a single page session.
-
Returns a reference to the window object of the sidebar.
Window.status
-
Gets/sets the text in the statusbar at the bottom of the browser.
Window.statusbar
Somente leitura-
Returns the statusbar object, whose visibility can be toggled in the window.
Window.toolbar
Somente leitura-
Returns the toolbar object, whose visibility can be toggled in the window.
Window.top
Somente leitura-
Returns a reference to the topmost window in the window hierarchy. This property is read only.
Window.window
Somente leitura-
Returns a reference to the current window.
window[0]
,window[1]
, etc.-
Returns a reference to the
window
object in the frames. SeeWindow.frames
for more details.
Methods
This interface inherits methods from the EventTarget
interface and implements methods from WindowTimers
, WindowBase64
, and WindowEventHandlers
.
EventTarget.addEventListener()
-
Register an event handler to a specific event type on the window.
Window.alert()
-
Displays an alert dialog.
WindowBase64.atob()
-
Decodes a string of data which has been encoded using base-64 encoding.
Window.back()
Non-standard-
Moves back one in the window history.
Window.blur()
-
Sets focus away from the window.
WindowBase64.btoa()
-
Creates a base-64 encoded ASCII string from a string of binary data.
Window.captureEvents()
Deprecated-
Registers the window to capture all events of the specified type.
Window.clearImmediate()
-
Cancels the repeated execution set using
setImmediate
. WindowTimers.clearInterval()
-
Cancels the repeated execution set using
WindowTimers.setInterval()
. WindowTimers.clearTimeout()
-
Cancels the repeated execution set using
WindowTimers.setTimeout()
. Window.close()
-
Closes the current window.
Window.confirm()
-
Displays a dialog with a message that the user needs to respond to.
Window.disableExternalCapture()
Window.dispatchEvent()
-
Used to trigger an event.
Window.dump()
-
Writes a message to the console.
Window.enableExternalCapture()
Window.find()
-
Searches for a given string in a window.
Window.focus()
-
Sets focus on the current window.
Window.forward()
Non-standard-
Moves the window one document forward in the history.
Window.getAttention()
-
Flashes the application icon.
Window.getAttentionWithCycleCount()
Window.getComputedStyle()
-
Gets computed style for the specified element. Computed style indicates the computed values of all CSS properties of the element.
Window.getDefaulComputedStyle()
-
Gets default computed style for the specified element, ignoring author stylesheets.
Window.getSelection()
-
Returns the selection object representing the selected item(s).
Window.home()
Non-standard-
Returns the browser to the home page.
Window.matchMedia()
-
Returns a
MediaQueryList
object representing the specified media query string. Window.maximize()
Window.minimize()
(top-level XUL windows only)-
Minimizes the window.
Window.moveBy()
-
Moves the current window by a specified amount.
Window.moveTo()
-
Moves the window to the specified coordinates.
Window.mozRequestAnimationFrame()
-
Tells the browser that an animation is in progress, requesting that the browser schedule a repaint of the window for the next animation frame. This will cause a
MozBeforePaint
event to fire before that repaint occurs. Window.open()
-
Opens a new window.
Window.openDialog()
-
Opens a new dialog window.
Window.postMessage()
-
Provides a secure means for one window to send a string of data to another window, which need not be within the same domain as the first, in a secure manner.
Window.print()
-
Opens the Print Dialog to print the current document.
Window.prompt()
-
Returns the text entered by the user in a prompt dialog.
Window.releaseEvents()
Deprecated-
Releases the window from trapping events of a specific type.
Window.removeEventListener()
-
Removes an event listener from the window.
Window.resizeBy()
-
Resizes the current window by a certain amount.
Window.resizeTo()
-
Dynamically resizes window.
Window.restore()
Window.routeEvent()
Window.scroll()
-
Scrolls the window to a particular place in the document.
Window.scrollBy()
-
Scrolls the document in the window by the given amount.
Window.scrollByLines()
-
Scrolls the document by the given number of lines.
Window.scrollByPages()
-
Scrolls the current document by the specified number of pages.
Window.scrollTo()
-
Scrolls to a particular set of coordinates in the document.
Window.setCursor()
-
Changes the cursor for the current window
Window.setImmediate()
-
Executes a function after the browser has finished other heavy tasks
WindowTimers.setInterval()
-
Schedules the execution of a function each X milliseconds.
Window.setResizable
WindowTimers.setTimeout()
-
Sets a delay for executing a function.
Window.showModalDialog()
-
Displays a modal dialog.
Window.sizeToContent()
-
Sizes the window according to its content.
Window.stop()
-
This method stops window loading.
Window.updateCommands()
-
Updates the state of commands of the current chrome window (UI).
Event handlers
These are properties of the window object that can be set to establish event handlers for the various things that can happen in the window that might be of interest.
This interface inherits event handlers from the EventTarget
interface and implements event handlers from WindowTimers
, WindowBase64
, and WindowEventHandlers
.
Nota:
Starting in Gecko 9.0, you can now use the syntax if ("onabort" in window)
to determine whether or not a given event handler property exists. This is because event handler interfaces have been updated to be proper web IDL interfaces. See DOM event handlers for details.
GlobalEventHandlers.onabort
-
An event handler property for abort events on the window.
WindowEventHandlers.onbeforeunload
-
An event handler property for before-unload events on the window.
GlobalEventHandlers.onblur
-
An event handler property for blur events on the window.
GlobalEventHandlers.onchange
-
An event handler property for change events on the window.
GlobalEventHandlers.onclick
-
An event handler property for click events on the window.
GlobalEventHandlers.onclose
-
An event handler property for handling the window close event.
-
An event handler property for right-click events on the window.
Window.ondevicelight
-
An event handler property for any ambient light levels changes
Window.ondevicemotion
Window.ondeviceorientation
-
An event handler property for any device orientation changes
Window.ondeviceproximity
-
An event handler property for device proximity event
GlobalEventHandlers.onerror
-
An event handler property for
error
events raised on the window. GlobalEventHandlers.onfocus
-
An event handler property for
focus
events on the window. WindowEventHandlers.onhashchange
-
An event handler property for hash change events on the window; called when the part of the URL after the hash mark ("#") changes.
GlobalEventHandlers.onkeydown
-
An event handler property for
keydown
events on the window. GlobalEventHandlers.onkeypress
-
An event handler property for
keypress
events on the window. GlobalEventHandlers.onkeyup
-
An event handler property for
keyup
events on the window. WindowEventHandlers.onlanguagechange
-
An event handler property for
languagechange
events on the window. GlobalEventHandlers.onload
-
An event handler property for window loading.
GlobalEventHandlers.onmousedown
-
An event handler property for mousedown events on the window.
GlobalEventHandlers.onmousemove
-
An event handler property for mousemove events on the window.
GlobalEventHandlers.onmouseout
-
An event handler property for mouseout events on the window.
GlobalEventHandlers.onmouseover
-
An event handler property for mouseover events on the window.
GlobalEventHandlers.onmouseup
-
An event handler property for mouseup events on the window.
Window.onmozbeforepaint
-
An event handler property for the
MozBeforePaint
event, which is sent before repainting the window if the event has been requested by a call to theWindow.mozRequestAnimationFrame()
method. WindowEventHandlers.onpageshow
-
An event handler property for pageshow events on the window.
WindowEventHandlers.onpagehide
-
An event handler property for pagehide events on the window.
Window.onpaint
-
An event handler property for paint events on the window.
WindowEventHandlers.onpopstate
-
An event handler property for popstate events, which are fired when navigating to a session history entry representing a state object.
GlobalEventHandlers.onreset
-
An event handler property for reset events on the window.
GlobalEventHandlers.onresize
-
An event handler property for window resizing.
GlobalEventHandlers.onscroll
-
An event handler property for window scrolling.
GlobalEventHandlers.onselect
-
An event handler property for window selection.
GlobalEventHandlers.onsubmit
-
An event handler property for submits on window forms.
Window.onunload
-
An event handler property for unload events on the window.
Window.onuserproximity
-
An event handler property for user proximity events
Constructors
See also the DOM Interfaces.
Window.DOMParser
Window.GeckoActiveXObject
Image
-
Used for creating an
HTMLImageElement
. Option
-
Used for creating an
HTMLOptionElement
Window.QueryInterface
Window.XMLSerializer
Worker
-
Used for creating a Web worker
Window.XPCNativeWrapper
Window.XPCSafeJSObjectWrapper
Interfaces
See DOM Reference