instanceof

Оператор instanceof проверяет, принадлежит ли объект к определённому классу. Другими словами, для тестируемого объекта оператор проверяет, присутствует ли в его цепочке прототипов объект constructor.prototype, где constructor — функция-конструктор, на которую идёт проверка.

Синтаксис

object instanceof constructor

Параметры

object

Проверяемый объект.

constructor

Функция-конструктор, на которую идёт проверка.

Описание

Оператор instanceof проверяет присутствие constructor.prototype в цепочке прототипов object.

// defining constructors
function C(){}
function D(){}

var o = new C();

// true, because: Object.getPrototypeOf(o) === C.prototype
o instanceof C;

// false, because D.prototype is nowhere in o's prototype chain
o instanceof D;

o instanceof Object; // true, because:
C.prototype instanceof Object // true

C.prototype = {};
var o2 = new C();

o2 instanceof C; // true

// false, because C.prototype is nowhere in
// o's prototype chain anymore
o instanceof C; 

D.prototype = new C(); // use inheritance
var o3 = new D();
o3 instanceof D; // true
o3 instanceof C; // true

Обратите внимание: результат оператора instanceof зависит от свойства constructor.prototype, поэтому результат оператора может поменяться после изменения этого свойства. Также результат может поменяться после изменения прототипа object (или цепочки прототипов) с помощью Object.setPrototypeOf или нестандартного свойства __proto__.

instanceof and multiple context (e.g. frames or windows)

Different scope have different execution environments. This means that they have different built-ins (different global object, different constructors, etc.). This may result in unexpected results. For instance, [] instanceof window.frames[0].Array will return false, because Array.prototype !== window.frames[0].Array and arrays inherit from the former. This may not make sense at first but when you start dealing with multiple frames or windows in your script and pass objects from one context to another via functions, this will be a valid and strong issue. For instance, you can securely check if a given object is in fact an Array using Array.isArray(myObj)

Examples

Demonstrating that String and Date are of type Object and exceptional cases

The following code uses instanceof to demonstrate that String and Date objects are also of type Object (they are derived from Object).

However, objects created with the object literal notation are an exception here: Although the prototype is undefined, instanceof Object returns true.

var simpleStr = "This is a simple string"; 
var myString  = new String();
var newStr    = new String("String created with constructor");
var myDate    = new Date();
var myObj     = {};

simpleStr instanceof String; // returns false, checks the prototype chain, finds undefined
myString  instanceof String; // returns true
newStr    instanceof String; // returns true
myString  instanceof Object; // returns true

myObj instanceof Object;    // returns true, despite an undefined prototype
({})  instanceof Object;    // returns true, same case as above

myString instanceof Date;   // returns false

myDate instanceof Date;     // returns true
myDate instanceof Object;   // returns true
myDate instanceof String;   // returns false

Demonstrating that mycar is of type Car and type Object

The following code creates an object type Car and an instance of that object type, mycar. The instanceof operator demonstrates that the mycar object is of type Car and of type Object.

function Car(make, model, year) {
  this.make = make;
  this.model = model;
  this.year = year;
}
var mycar = new Car("Honda", "Accord", 1998);
var a = mycar instanceof Car;    // returns true
var b = mycar instanceof Object; // returns true

Specifications

Browser compatibility

See also

• typeof