Array.prototype.reduceRight()

callbackFn

A function to execute for each element in the array. Its return value becomes the value of the accumulator parameter on the next invocation of callbackFn. For the last invocation, the return value becomes the return value of reduceRight(). The function is called with the following arguments:

accumulator

The value resulting from the previous call to callbackFn. On the first call, its value is initialValue if the latter is specified; otherwise its value is the last element of the array.

currentValue

The value of the current element. On the first call, its value is the last element if initialValue is specified; otherwise its value is the second-to-last element.

currentIndex

The index position of currentValue in the array. On the first call, its value is array.length - 1 if initialValue is specified, otherwise array.length - 2.

array

The array reduceRight() was called upon.

initialValue Optional

Value to use as accumulator to the first call of the callbackFn. If no initial value is supplied, the last element in the array will be used and skipped. Calling reduceRight() on an empty array without an initial value creates a TypeError.

The value that results from the reduction.

The reduceRight() method is an iterative method. It runs a "reducer" callback function over all elements in the array, in descending-index order, and accumulates them into a single value. Read the iterative methods section for more information about how these methods work in general.

callbackFn is invoked only for array indexes which have assigned values. It is not invoked for empty slots in sparse arrays.

Unlike other iterative methods, reduceRight() does not accept a thisArg argument. callbackFn is always called with undefined as this, which gets substituted with globalThis if callbackFn is non-strict.

The reduceRight() method is generic. It only expects the this value to have a length property and integer-keyed properties.

All caveats about reduce discussed in when to not use reduce() apply to reduceRight as well. Because JavaScript has no lazy evaluation semantics, there is no performance difference between reduce and reduceRight.

The call to the reduceRight callbackFn would look something like this:

arr.reduceRight((accumulator, currentValue, index, array) => {
  // …
});

The first time the function is called, the accumulator and currentValue can be one of two values. If an initialValue was provided in the call to reduceRight, then accumulator will be equal to initialValue and currentValue will be equal to the last value in the array. If no initialValue was provided, then accumulator will be equal to the last value in the array and currentValue will be equal to the second-to-last value.

If the array is empty and no initialValue was provided, TypeError would be thrown. If the array has only one element (regardless of position) and no initialValue was provided, or if initialValue is provided but the array is empty, the solo value would be returned without calling callbackFn.

Some example run-throughs of the function would look like this:

[0, 1, 2, 3, 4].reduceRight(
  (accumulator, currentValue, index, array) => accumulator + currentValue,
);

The callback would be invoked four times, with the arguments and return values in each call being as follows:

The array parameter never changes through the process — it's always [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]. The value returned by reduceRight would be that of the last callback invocation (10).

Here we reduce the same array using the same algorithm, but with an initialValue of 10 passed as the second argument to reduceRight():

[0, 1, 2, 3, 4].reduceRight(
  (accumulator, currentValue, index, array) => accumulator + currentValue,
  10,
);

The value returned by reduceRight this time would be, of course, 20.

Function composition is a mechanism for combining functions, in which the output of each function is passed into the next one, and the output of the last function is the final result. In this example we use reduceRight() to implement function composition.

See also Function composition on Wikipedia.

const compose =
  (...args) =>
  (value) =>
    args.reduceRight((acc, fn) => fn(acc), value);

// Increment passed number
const inc = (n) => n + 1;

// Doubles the passed value
const double = (n) => n * 2;

// using composition function
console.log(compose(double, inc)(2)); // 6

// using composition function
console.log(compose(inc, double)(2)); // 5

reduceRight() skips missing elements in sparse arrays, but it does not skip undefined values.

console.log([1, 2, , 4].reduceRight((a, b) => a + b)); // 7
console.log([1, 2, undefined, 4].reduceRight((a, b) => a + b)); // NaN

The reduceRight() method reads the length property of this and then accesses each property whose key is a nonnegative integer less than length.

const arrayLike = {
  length: 3,
  0: 2,
  1: 3,
  2: 4,
  3: 99, // ignored by reduceRight() since length is 3
};
console.log(Array.prototype.reduceRight.call(arrayLike, (x, y) => x - y));
// -1, which is 4 - 3 - 2

• Polyfill of Array.prototype.reduceRight in core-js
• Indexed collections guide
• Array
• Array.prototype.map()
• Array.prototype.flat()
• Array.prototype.flatMap()
• Array.prototype.reduce()
• TypedArray.prototype.reduceRight()
• Object.groupBy()
• Map.groupBy()