Array.prototype.slice()

Il metodo slice() ritorna la copia di una porzione dell'array contenente gli elementi compresi tra inzio e fine (fine escluso). Il metodo slice() ritorna la copia dell'intero array se non  contiene gli elementi di inizio e fine. L'array di partenza non viene modificato.

var a = ['zero', 'one', 'two', 'three'];
var sliced = a.slice(1, 3);

console.log(a);      // ['zero', 'one', 'two', 'three']
console.log(sliced); // ['one', 'two']

Sintassi

arr.slice()
arr.slice(inizio)
arr.slice(inizio, fine)

Parametri

begin {{opzionale}}

L'indice zero-based indica da dove inizia l'intervallo da selezionare.

Può essere utilizzato un indice negativo, indicante l'offset dall'ultimo elemento dell'array. slice(-2) seleziona gli ultimi due elementi della sequenza.

Se begin non viene impostato , slice parte dall'indice 0.

end {{opzionale}}

L' indice zero-base indica dove finisce l'intervallo da selezionare. slice seleziona gli elementi fino a quell'indice ma non l'elemento all'indice end.

Per esempio, slice(1,4)estrae dal secondo elemento dell'array al quarto escluso (elementi con indice 1, 2 e 3).

Puo essere utilizzato un indice negativo, tale indice indicherebbe l'offset dall'ultimo elemento dell'array. slice(2,-1) estrae dal terzo elemento della sequenza al penuntimo.

Se end non viene impostato, slice continua l'estrazione sino al termine dell'array (arr.length).

Se end è maggiore della lunghezza della sequenza , slice continua l'estrazione sino al termine dell'array (arr.length).

Return value

A new array containing the extracted elements.

Description

slice does not alter the original array. It returns a shallow copy of elements from the original array. Elements of the original array are copied into the returned array as follows:

• For object references (and not the actual object), slice copies object references into the new array. Both the original and new array refer to the same object. If a referenced object changes, the changes are visible to both the new and original arrays.
• For strings, numbers and booleans (not String, Number and Boolean objects), slice copies the values into the new array. Changes to the string, number or boolean in one array do not affect the other array.

If a new element is added to either array, the other array is not affected.

Examples

Return a portion of an existing array

var fruits = ['Banana', 'Orange', 'Lemon', 'Apple', 'Mango'];
var citrus = fruits.slice(1, 3);

// fruits contains ['Banana', 'Orange', 'Lemon', 'Apple', 'Mango']
// citrus contains ['Orange','Lemon']

Using slice

In the following example, slice creates a new array, newCar, from myCar. Both include a reference to the object myHonda. When the color of myHonda is changed to purple, both arrays reflect the change.

// Using slice, create newCar from myCar.
var myHonda = { color: 'red', wheels: 4, engine: { cylinders: 4, size: 2.2 } };
var myCar = [myHonda, 2, 'cherry condition', 'purchased 1997'];
var newCar = myCar.slice(0, 2);

// Display the values of myCar, newCar, and the color of myHonda
//  referenced from both arrays.
console.log('myCar = ' + JSON.stringify(myCar));
console.log('newCar = ' + JSON.stringify(newCar));
console.log('myCar[0].color = ' + myCar[0].color);
console.log('newCar[0].color = ' + newCar[0].color);

// Change the color of myHonda.
myHonda.color = 'purple';
console.log('The new color of my Honda is ' + myHonda.color);

// Display the color of myHonda referenced from both arrays.
console.log('myCar[0].color = ' + myCar[0].color);
console.log('newCar[0].color = ' + newCar[0].color);

This script writes:

myCar = [{color: 'red', wheels: 4, engine: {cylinders: 4, size: 2.2}}, 2,
         'cherry condition', 'purchased 1997']
newCar = [{color: 'red', wheels: 4, engine: {cylinders: 4, size: 2.2}}, 2]
myCar[0].color = red 
newCar[0].color = red
The new color of my Honda is purple
myCar[0].color = purple
newCar[0].color = purple

Array-like objects

slice method can also be called to convert Array-like objects / collections to a new Array. You just bind the method to the object. The arguments inside a function is an example of an 'array-like object'.

function list() {
  return Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
}

var list1 = list(1, 2, 3); // [1, 2, 3]

Binding can be done with the .call function of Function.prototype and it can also be reduced using [].slice.call(arguments) instead of Array.prototype.slice.call. Anyway, it can be simplified using bind.

var unboundSlice = Array.prototype.slice;
var slice = Function.prototype.call.bind(unboundSlice);

function list() {
  return slice(arguments);
}

var list1 = list(1, 2, 3); // [1, 2, 3]

Streamlining cross-browser behavior

Although host objects (such as DOM objects) are not required by spec to follow the Mozilla behavior when converted by Array.prototype.slice and IE < 9 does not do so, versions of IE starting with version 9 do allow this. “Shimming” it can allow reliable cross-browser behavior. As long as other modern browsers continue to support this ability, as currently do IE, Mozilla, Chrome, Safari, and Opera, developers reading (DOM-supporting) slice code relying on this shim will not be misled by the semantics; they can safely rely on the semantics to provide the now apparently de facto standard behavior. (The shim also fixes IE to work with the second argument of slice() being an explicit null/undefined value as earlier versions of IE also did not allow but all modern browsers, including IE >= 9, now do.)

/**
 * Shim for "fixing" IE's lack of support (IE < 9) for applying slice
 * on host objects like NamedNodeMap, NodeList, and HTMLCollection
 * (technically, since host objects have been implementation-dependent,
 * at least before ES2015, IE hasn't needed to work this way).
 * Also works on strings, fixes IE < 9 to allow an explicit undefined
 * for the 2nd argument (as in Firefox), and prevents errors when
 * called on other DOM objects.
 */
(function () {
  'use strict';
  var _slice = Array.prototype.slice;

  try {
    // Can't be used with DOM elements in IE < 9
    _slice.call(document.documentElement);
  } catch (e) { // Fails in IE < 9
    // This will work for genuine arrays, array-like objects, 
    // NamedNodeMap (attributes, entities, notations),
    // NodeList (e.g., getElementsByTagName), HTMLCollection (e.g., childNodes),
    // and will not fail on other DOM objects (as do DOM elements in IE < 9)
    Array.prototype.slice = function(begin, end) {
      // IE < 9 gets unhappy with an undefined end argument
      end = (typeof end !== 'undefined') ? end : this.length;

      // For native Array objects, we use the native slice function
      if (Object.prototype.toString.call(this) === '[object Array]'){
        return _slice.call(this, begin, end); 
      }

      // For array like object we handle it ourselves.
      var i, cloned = [],
        size, len = this.length;

      // Handle negative value for "begin"
      var start = begin || 0;
      start = (start >= 0) ? start : Math.max(0, len + start);

      // Handle negative value for "end"
      var upTo = (typeof end == 'number') ? Math.min(end, len) : len;
      if (end < 0) {
        upTo = len + end;
      }

      // Actual expected size of the slice
      size = upTo - start;

      if (size > 0) {
        cloned = new Array(size);
        if (this.charAt) {
          for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            cloned[i] = this.charAt(start + i);
          }
        } else {
          for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            cloned[i] = this[start + i];
          }
        }
      }

      return cloned;
    };
  }
}());

Specifications

Browser compatibility

See also

• Array.prototype.splice()
• Function.prototype.call()
• Function.prototype.bind()