Math

Math is a built-in object that has properties and methods for mathematical constants and functions. Not a function object.

Math works with the Number type. It doesn't work with BigInt.

Description

Unlike the other global objects, Math is not a constructor. All properties and methods of Math are static. You refer to the constant pi as Math.PI and you call the sine function as Math.sin(x), where x is the method's argument. Constants are defined with the full precision of real numbers in JavaScript.

Properties

Math.E

Euler's constant and the base of natural logarithms; approximately 2.718.

Math.LN2

Natural logarithm of 2; approximately 0.693.

Math.LN10

Natural logarithm of 10; approximately 2.303.

Math.LOG2E

Base 2 logarithm of E; approximately 1.443.

Math.LOG10E

Base 10 logarithm of E; approximately 0.434.

Math.PI

Ratio of the a circle's circumference to its diameter; approximately 3.14159.

Math.SQRT1_2

Square root of ½ (or equivalently, ¹/_√2 over the square root of 2); approximately 0.707.

Math.SQRT2

Square root of 2; approximately 1.414.

Methods

Math.abs(x)

Returns the absolute value of a number.

Math.acos(x)

Returns the arccosine of a number.

Math.acosh(x)

Returns the hyperbolic arccosine of a number.

Math.asin(x)

Returns the arcsine of a number.

Math.asinh(x)

Returns the hyperbolic arcsine of a number.

Math.atan(x)

Returns the arctangent of a number.

Math.atanh(x)

Returns the hyperbolic arctangent of a number.

Math.atan2(y, x)

Returns the arctangent of the quotient of its arguments.

Math.cbrt(x)

Returns the cube root of a number.

Math.ceil(x)

Returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to a number.

Math.clz32(x)

Returns the number of leading zeroes of a 32-bit integer.

Math.cos(x)

Returns the cosine of a number.

Math.cosh(x)

Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number.

Math.exp(x)

Returns Ex, where x is the argument, and E is Euler's constant (2.718…, the base of the natural logarithm).

Math.expm1(x)

Returns subtracting 1 from exp(x).

Math.floor(x)

Returns the largest integer less than or equal to a number.

Math.fround(x)

Returns the nearest single precision float representation of a number.

Math.hypot([x[, y[, …]]])

Returns the square root of the sum of squares of its arguments.

Math.imul(x, y)

Returns the result of a 32-bit integer multiplication.

Math.log(x)

Returns the natural logarithm (㏒_e; also, ㏑) of a number.

Math.log1p(x)

Returns the natural logarithm (㏒_e; also ㏑) of 1 + x for a number.

Math.log10(x)

Returns the base 10 logarithm of a number.

Math.log2(x)

Returns the base 2 logarithm of a number.

Math.max([x[, y[, …]]])

Returns the largest of zero or more numbers.

Math.min([x[, y[, …]]])

Returns the smallest of zero or more numbers.

Math.pow(x, y)

Returns base to the exponent power, that is, xy.

Math.random()

Returns a pseudo-random number between 0 and 1.

Math.round(x)

Returns the value of a number rounded to the nearest integer.

Math.sign(x)

Returns the sign of the x, indicating whether x is positive, negative, or zero.

Math.sin(x)

Returns the sine of a number.

Math.sinh(x)

Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number.

Math.sqrt(x)

Returns the positive square root of a number.

Math.tan(x)

Returns the tangent of a number.

Math.tanh(x)

Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number.

Math.toSource()

Returns the string "Math".

Math.trunc(x)

Returns the integer part of the number x, removing any fractional digits.

Extending the Math object

As with most of the built-in objects in JavaScript, the Math object can be extended with custom properties and methods. To extend the Math object, you cannot use prototype. Instead, you directly extend Math:

Math.propName = propValue
Math.methodName = methodRef

For instance, the following example adds a method to the Math object for calculating the greatest common divisor of a list of arguments.

/* Variadic function -- Returns the greatest common divisor of a list of arguments */
Math.gcd = function() {
    if (arguments.length == 2) {
        if (arguments[1] == 0) {
            return arguments[0]
        }
        else {
            return Math.gcd(arguments[1], arguments[0] % arguments[1])
        }
    } else if (arguments.length > 2) {
        let result = Math.gcd(arguments[0], arguments[1])
        for (let i = 2; i < arguments.length; i++) {
            result = Math.gcd(result, arguments[i])
        }
        return result
    }
}

Try it:

console.log(Math.gcd(20, 30, 15, 70, 40))  // `5`

Specifications

Browser compatibility

The compatibility table in this page is generated from structured data. If you'd like to contribute to the data, please check out https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data and send us a pull request.

See also

• Number