HTMLInputElement

La interface HTMLInputElement proporciona propiedades y métodos especiales para manipular las opciones, estructura y presentacion de los elementos <input>.

Propiedades

Propiedades relacionadas al formulario padre

formRead only: HTMLFormElement object: Retorna una referencia al elemento <form> padre
formAction: string: Retorna / Establece los atributos de los elementos formaction, conteniendo la URI de un programa que procesa la información enviada por el elemento. Esto invalida al atributo action del formulario padre.
formEncType: string: Returns / Sets the element's formenctype attribute, containing the type of content that is used to submit the form to the server. This overrides the enctype attribute of the parent form.
formMethod: string: Returns / Sets the element's formmethod attribute, containing the HTTP method that the browser uses to submit the form. This overrides the method attribute of the parent form.
formNoValidate: boolean: Returns / Sets the element's formnovalidate attribute, indicating that the form is not to be validated when it is submitted. This overrides the novalidate attribute of the parent form.
formTarget: string: Returns / Sets the element's formtarget attribute, containing a name or keyword indicating where to display the response that is received after submitting the form. This overrides the target attribute of the parent form.

Propiedades que aplican a cualquier tipo de elemento input que no se encuentre escondido

name: string: Returns / Sets the element's name attribute, containing a name that identifies the element when submitting the form.
type: string: Returns / Sets the element's type attribute, indicating the type of control to display. See type attribute of <input> for possible values.
disabled: boolean: Returns / Sets the element's disabled attribute, indicating that the control is not available for interaction. The input values will not be submitted with the form. See also readonly
autofocus: boolean: Returns / Sets the element's autofocus attribute, which specifies that a form control should have input focus when the page loads, unless the user overrides it, for example by typing in a different control. Only one form element in a document can have the autofocus attribute. It cannot be applied if the type attribute is set to hidden (that is, you cannot automatically set focus to a hidden control).
required: boolean: Returns / Sets the element's required attribute, indicating that the user must fill in a value before submitting a form.
value: string: Returns / Sets the current value of the control.

Nota: Si el usuario ingresa un valor diferente al esperado, esto puede retornar una cadena vacía.
validity Read only: ValidityState (en-US) object: Returns the validity state that this element is in.
validationMessage Read only: string: Returns a localized message that describes the validation constraints that the control does not satisfy (if any). This is the empty string if the control is not a candidate for constraint validation (willvalidate is false), or it satisfies its constraints.
willValidateRead only: Boolean: Indicates whether the element is a candidate for constraint validation. It is false if any conditions bar it from constraint validation.

Propiedades que aplican solo a los elementos de tipo checkbox o radio

checked: boolean:Returns / Sets the current state of the element when type is checkbox or radio.
defaultChecked: boolean: Returns / Sets the default state of a radio button or checkbox as originally specified in HTML that created this object.
indeterminate: boolean: indicates that the checkbox is neither on nor off. Changes the appearance to resemble a third state. Does not affect the value of the checked attribute, and clicking the checkbox will set the value to false.

Propiedades que sólo aplican a los elementos de tipo image

alt: string: Returns / Sets the element's alt attribute, containing alternative text to use when type is image.
height: string: Returns / Sets the element's height attribute, which defines the height of the image displayed for the button, if the value of type is image.
src: string: Returns / Sets the element's src attribute, which specifies a URI for the location of an image to display on the graphical submit button, if the value of type is image; otherwise it is ignored.
width: string: Returns / Sets the document's width attribute, which defines the width of the image displayed for the button, if the value of type is image.

Propiedades que sólo aplican a los elementos de tipo file

accept: string: Returns / Sets the element's accept attribute, containing comma-separated list of file types accepted by the server when type is file.
allowdirs Non-standard: boolean: Part of the non-standard Directory Upload API; indicates whether or not to allow directories and files both to be selected in the file list. Implemented only in Firefox and is hidden behind a preference.
files: Returns/accepts a FileList (en-US) object, which contains a list of File objects representing the files selected for upload.
webkitdirectory (en-US) Non-standard: boolean: Returns the webkitdirectory attribute; if true, the file system picker interface only accepts directories instead of files.
webkitEntries (en-US) Non-standard: Array of FileSystemEntry (en-US) objects describing the currently-selected files or directories.

Properties that apply only to text/number-containing or elements

autocomplete

string: Returns / Sets the element's autocomplete attribute, indicating whether the value of the control can be automatically completed by the browser. Ignored if the value of the type attribute is hidden, checkbox, radio, file, or a button type (button, submit, reset, image). Possible values are:

"on": the browser can autocomplete the value using previously stored value

"off": the user must explicity enter a value

maxLength

long: Returns / Sets the element's maxlength attribute, containing the maximum length of characters (in Unicode code points) that the value can have. (If you set this to a negative number, an exception will be thrown.)

size

unsigned long: Returns / Sets the element's size attribute, containing size of the control. This value is in pixels unless the value of type is text or password, in which case, it is an integer number of characters. Applies only when type is set to text, search, tel, url, email, or password; otherwise it is ignored.

pattern

string: Returns / Sets the element's pattern attribute, containing a regular expression that the control's value is checked against. Use the title attribute to describe the pattern to help the user. This attribute applies when the value of the type attribute is text, search, tel, url or email; otherwise it is ignored.

placeholder

string: Returns / Sets the element's placeholder attribute, containing a hint to the user of what can be entered in the control. The placeholder text must not contain carriage returns or line-feeds. This attribute applies when the value of the type attribute is text, search, tel, url or email; otherwise it is ignored.

readOnly

boolean: Returns / Sets the element's readonly attribute, indicating that the user cannot modify the value of the control. This is ignored if the value of the type attribute is hidden, range, color, checkbox, radio, file, or a button type.

min

string: Returns / Sets the element's min attribute, containing the minimum (numeric or date-time) value for this item, which must not be greater than its maximum (max attribute) value.

max

string: Returns / Sets the element's max attribute, containing the maximum (numeric or date-time) value for this item, which must not be less than its minimum (min attribute) value.

selectionStart

unsigned long: Returns / Sets the beginning index of the selected text. When nothing is selected, this returns the position of the text input cursor (caret) inside of the <input> element.

selectionEnd

unsigned long: Returns / Sets the end index of the selected text. When there's no selection, this returns the offset of the character immediately following the current text input cursor position.

selectionDirection

string: Returns / Sets the direction in which selection occurred. Possible values are: "forward" if selection was performed in the start-to-end direction of the current locale, "backward" for the opposite direction, "none" if the direction is unknown."

Propiedades aun no categorizadas

defaultValue

string: Returns / Sets the default value as originally specified in the HTML that created this object.

dirName

string: Returns / Sets the directionality of the element.

accessKey

string: Returns a string containing a single character that switches input focus to the control when pressed.

list Read only

HTMLElement object: Returns the element pointed by the list attribute. The property may be null if no HTML element found in the same tree.

multiple

boolean: Returns / Sets the element's multiple attribute, indicating whether more than one value is possible (e.g., multiple files).

files

FileList (en-US) array: Returns the list of selected files.

HTMLInputElement.labels (en-US) Read only

NodeList array: Returns a list of <label> elements that are labels for this element.

step

string: Returns / Sets the element's step attribute, which works with min and max to limit the increments at which a numeric or date-time value can be set. It can be the string any or a positive floating point number. If this is not set to any, the control accepts only values at multiples of the step value greater than the minimum.

valueAsDate

Date object: Returns / Sets the value of the element, interpreted as a date, or null if conversion is not possible.

valueAsNumber

double: Returns the value of the element, interpreted as one of the following, in order:

a time value
a number
NaN if conversion is impossible

autocapitalize Experimental

string: defines the capitalization behavior for user input. Valid values are none, off, characters, words, or sentences.

HTMLInputElement.align Obsoleto: string: represents the alignment of the element. Use CSS instead.
HTMLInputElement.useMap Obsoleto: string: represents a client-side image map.

Métodos

focus()

Focus on the input element; keystrokes will subsequently go to this element.

blur()

Removes focus from input; keystrokes will subsequently go nowhere.

select()

Selects the input text in the element, and focuses it so the user can subsequently replace the whole entry.

click() (en-US)

Simulates a click on the element.

setSelectionRange() (en-US)

Selects a range of text in the element (but does not focus it). The optional selectionDirection parameter may be "forward" or "backward" to establish the direction in which selection was set, or "none" if the direction is unknown or not relevant. The default is "none". Specifying a selectionDirection parameter sets the value of the selectionDirection property.

setRangeText()

Replaces a range of text with the new text. If the start and end arguments are not provided, the range is assumed to be the selection.The final argument determines how the selection should be set after the text has been replaced. The possible values are:

"select": Selects the newly inserted text.
"start": Moves the selection to just before the inserted text.
"end": Moves the selection to just after the selected text.
"preserve": Attempts to preserve the selection. This is the default.

setCustomValidity()

Sets a custom validity message for the element. If this message is not the empty string, then the element is suffering from a custom validity error, and does not validate.

checkValidity()

Returns a Boolean that is false if the element is a candidate for constraint validation, and it does not satisfy its constraints. In this case, it also fires an invalid (en-US) event at the element. It returns true if the element is not a candidate for constraint validation, or if it satisfies its constraints.

HTMLInputElement.stepDown() (en-US)

Decrements the value by (step * n), where n defaults to 1 if not specified. Throws an INVALID_STATE_ERR exception:

if the method is not applicable to for the current type value,
if the element has no step value,
if the value cannot be converted to a number,
if the resulting value is above the max or below the min.

HTMLInputElement.stepUp() (en-US)

Increments the value by (step * n), where n defaults to 1 if not specified. Throws an INVALID_STATE_ERR exception:

if the method is not applicable to for the current type value.,
if the element has no step value,
if the value cannot be converted to a number,
if the resulting value is above the max or below the min.

Métodos no estandarizados

HTMLInputElement.mozSetFileArray() Non-standard: Sets the files selected on the input to the given array of File objects. This is an alternative to mozSetFileNameArray() which can be used in frame scripts: a chrome script can open files as File objects and send them via message manager.
HTMLInputElement.mozGetFileNameArray() (en-US) Non-standard: Returns an array of all the file names from the input.
HTMLInputElement.mozSetFileNameArray() (en-US) Non-standard: Sets the filenames for the files selected on the input. Not for use in frame scripts, because it accesses the file system.

Eventos

Responde a este elemento usando addEventListener() o asignando una respuesta a la propiedad oneventname de esta interface:

input

Se activa cuando el value de un elemento <input>, <select>, o <textarea> ha sido modificado.

Nota: Esto es actualmente gatillado en la interface HTMLElement y también aplica a los elementos contenteditable, pero lo hemos listado acá porque es más utilizado con los elementos de entrada de formularios.

También disponible por la propiedad manipuladora oninput.

invalid