WindowOrWorkerGlobalScope.fetch()

The fetch() method of the WindowOrWorkerGlobalScope mixin starts the process of fetching a resource from the network. This returns a promise that resolves to the Response object representing the response to your request. The promise does not reject on HTTP errors — instead it only rejects network errors; then handlers must check for HTTP errors.

WorkerOrGlobalScope is implemented by both Window and WorkerGlobalScope, which means that the fetch() method is available in pretty much any context in which you might want to fetch resources.

A fetch() promise only rejects when a network error is encountered (which is usually when there’s a permissions issue or similar). A fetch() promise does not reject on HTTP errors (404, etc.). Instead, a then handler must check the Response.ok and/or Response.status properties.

The fetch() method is controlled by the connect-src directive of Content Security Policy rather than the directive of the resources it's retrieving.

Syntax

Promise<Response> fetch(input[, init]);

Parameters

input

This defines the resource that you wish to fetch. This can either be:

• A USVString containing the direct URL of the resource you want to fetch. Some browsers accept blob: and data: as schemes.
• A Request object.

init Optional

An options object containing any custom settings that you want to apply to the request. The possible options are:

• method: The request method, e.g., GET, POST. Note that the Origin header is not set on Fetch requests with a method of HEAD or GET (this behavior was corrected in Firefox 65 — seebug 1508661).
• headers: Any headers you want to add to your request, contained within a Headers object or an object literal with ByteString values. Note that some names are forbidden.
• body: Any body that you want to add to your request: this can be a Blob, BufferSource, FormData, URLSearchParams, or USVString object. Note that a request using the GET or HEAD method cannot have a body.
• mode: The mode you want to use for the request, e.g., cors, no-cors, or same-origin.
• credentials: The request credentials you want to use for the request: omit, same-origin, or include. To automatically send cookies for the current domain, this option must be provided. Starting with Chrome 50, this property also takes a FederatedCredential instance or a PasswordCredential instance.
• cache: The cache mode you want to use for the request.
• redirect: The redirect mode to use: follow (automatically follow redirects), error (abort with an error if a redirect occurs), or manual (handle redirects manually). In Chrome the default is follow (before Chrome 47 it defaulted to manual).
• referrer: A USVString specifying no-referrer, client, or a URL. The default is client.
• referrerPolicy: Specifies the value of the referer HTTP header. May be one of no-referrer, no-referrer-when-downgrade, origin, origin-when-cross-origin, unsafe-url.
• integrity: Contains the subresource integrity value of the request (e.g., sha256-BpfBw7ivV8q2jLiT13fxDYAe2tJllusRSZ273h2nFSE=).
• keepalive: The keepalive option can be used to allow the request to outlive the page. Fetch with the keepalive flag is a replacement for the Navigator.sendBeacon() API. 
• signal: An AbortSignal object instance; allows you to communicate with a fetch request and abort it if desired via an AbortController.

Return value

A Promise that resolves to a Response object.

Exceptions

Examples

In our Fetch Request example (see Fetch Request live) we create a new Request object using the relevant constructor, then fetch it using a fetch() call. Since we are fetching an image, we run Body.blob() on the response to give it the proper MIME type so it will be handled properly, then create an Object URL of it and display it in an <img> element.

const myImage = document.querySelector('img');

let myRequest = new Request('flowers.jpg');

fetch(myRequest)
.then(function(response) {
  if (!response.ok) {
    throw new Error('HTTP error, status = ' + response.status);
  }
  return response.blob();
})
.then(function(response) {
  let objectURL = URL.createObjectURL(response);
  myImage.src = objectURL;
});

In our Fetch with init then Request example (see Fetch Request init live) we do the same thing except that we pass in an init object when we invoke fetch():

const myImage = document.querySelector('img');

let myHeaders = new Headers();
myHeaders.append('Content-Type', 'image/jpeg');

const myInit = { method: 'GET',
               headers: myHeaders,
               mode: 'cors',
               cache: 'default' };

let myRequest = new Request('flowers.jpg');

fetch(myRequest,myInit).then(function(response) {
  ... 
});

Note that you could also pass the init object in with the Request constructor to get the same effect, e.g.:

let myRequest = new Request('flowers.jpg', myInit);

You can also use an object literal as headers in init.

const myInit = { method: 'GET',
               headers: {
                   'Content-Type': 'image/jpeg'
               },
               mode: 'cors',
               cache: 'default' };

let myRequest = new Request('flowers.jpg', myInit);

Specifications

Browser compatibility

See also

• Fetch API
• ServiceWorker API
• HTTP access control (CORS)
• HTTP