XSLT Basic Example

This first example demonstrates the basics of setting up an XSLT transformation in a browser. The example takes an XML document that contains information about an article (title, list of authors and body text) and presents it in a human-readable form.

The XML document (example.xml) is shown below.

xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="example.xsl"?>
<Article>
  <Title>My Article</Title>
  <Authors>
    <Author>Mr. Foo</Author>
    <Author>Mr. Bar</Author>
  </Authors>
  <Body>This is my article text.</Body>
</Article>

The ?xml-stylesheet processing instruction in the XML file specifies the XSLT stylesheet to apply in its href attribute.

This XSL stylesheet file (example.xsl) is shown below:

xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">

  <xsl:output method="text"/>

  <xsl:template match="/">
    Article - <xsl:value-of select="/Article/Title"/>
    Authors: <xsl:apply-templates select="/Article/Authors/Author"/>
  </xsl:template>

  <xsl:template match="Author">
    - <xsl:value-of select="." />
  </xsl:template>

</xsl:stylesheet>

An XSLT stylesheet starts with the xsl:stylesheet element, which contains all the templates used to create the final output. The example above has two templates - one that matches the root node and one that matches Author nodes. The template that matches the root node outputs the article's title and then says to process all templates (via apply-templates) that match Author nodes which are children of the Authors node.

To try out the example:

  1. Create a directory in your file system and inside it create the files example.xml and example.xsl listed above

  2. Start a local server in the directory containing the files. This allows you to browse the files in the directory as though they were hosted on the internet.

    Warning: Opening the XML file directly from the file system will not work, because loading the stylesheet from the file system is a cross-origin request, and will be disallowed by default. Hosting the XML and stylesheet on the same local server ensures that they have the same origin.

  3. Open example.xml from the browser.

  4. The browser output is then as shown below:

    Browser Output :

    Article - My Article
    Authors:
    - Mr. Foo
    - Mr. Bar