Set

Set 物件可讓你儲存任何類型的唯一值（unique），不論是基本型別（primitive）值或物件參考（references）。

The source for this interactive example is stored in a GitHub repository. If you'd like to contribute to the interactive examples project, please clone https://github.com/mdn/interactive-examples and send us a pull request.

語法

new Set([iterable]);

參數

iterable

若一個可迭代物件被傳入，其所有的元素將會被加入至新的 Set。若你沒有指定此參數，或參數值為 null，則新的 Set 會是空的。

回傳值

一個新的 Set 物件。

描述

Set objects are collections of values. You can iterate through the elements of a set in insertion order. A value in the Set may only occur once; it is unique in the Set's collection.

值的相等性

Because each value in the Set has to be unique, the value equality will be checked. In an earlier version of ECMAScript specification, this was not based on the same algorithm as the one used in the === operator. Specifically, for Sets, +0 (which is strictly equal to -0) and -0 were different values. However, this was changed in the ECMAScript 2015 specification. See "Value equality for -0 and 0" in the browser compatibility table for details.

Also, NaN and undefined can also be stored in a Set. NaN is considered the same as NaN (even though NaN !== NaN).

屬性

Set.length

The value of the length property is 0.

get Set[@@species]

The constructor function that is used to create derived objects.

Set.prototype

Represents the prototype for the Set constructor. Allows the addition of properties to all Set objects.

Set 物件實體

All Set instances inherit from Set.prototype.

屬性

Set.prototype.constructor

Returns the function that created an instance's prototype. This is the Set function by default.

Set.prototype.size

Returns the number of values in the Set object.

方法

Set.prototype.add(value)

Appends a new element with the given value to the Set object. Returns the Set object.

Set.prototype.clear()

Removes all elements from the Set object.

Set.prototype.delete(value)

Removes the element associated to the value and returns the value that Set.prototype.has(value) would have previously returned. Set.prototype.has(value) will return false afterwards.

Set.prototype.entries()

Returns a new Iterator object that contains an array of [value, value] for each element in the Set object, in insertion order. This is kept similar to the Map object, so that each entry has the same value for its key and value here.

Set.prototype.forEach(callbackFn[, thisArg])

Calls callbackFn once for each value present in the Set object, in insertion order. If a thisArg parameter is provided to forEach, it will be used as the this value for each callback.

Set.prototype.has(value)

Returns a boolean asserting whether an element is present with the given value in the Set object or not.

Set.prototype.keys()

Is the same function as the values() function and returns a new Iterator object that contains the values for each element in the Set object in insertion order.

Set.prototype.values()

Returns a new Iterator object that contains the values for each element in the Set object in insertion order.

Set.prototype[@@iterator]()

Returns a new Iterator object that contains the values for each element in the Set object in insertion order.

範例

使用 Set 物件

var mySet = new Set();

mySet.add(1); // Set [ 1 ]
mySet.add(5); // Set [ 1, 5 ]
mySet.add(5); // Set [ 1, 5 ]
mySet.add('some text'); // Set [ 1, 5, 'some text' ]
var o = {a: 1, b: 2};
mySet.add(o);

mySet.add({a: 1, b: 2}); // o is referencing a different object so this is okay

mySet.has(1); // true
mySet.has(3); // false, 3 has not been added to the set
mySet.has(5);              // true
mySet.has(Math.sqrt(25));  // true
mySet.has('Some Text'.toLowerCase()); // true
mySet.has(o); // true

mySet.size; // 5

mySet.delete(5); // removes 5 from the set
mySet.has(5);    // false, 5 has been removed

mySet.size; // 4, we just removed one value
console.log(mySet);// Set [ 1, "some text", Object {a: 1, b: 2}, Object {a: 1, b: 2} ]

迭代 Sets

// iterate over items in set
// logs the items in the order: 1, "some text", {"a": 1, "b": 2}, {"a": 1, "b": 2} 
for (let item of mySet) console.log(item);

// logs the items in the order: 1, "some text", {"a": 1, "b": 2}, {"a": 1, "b": 2} 
for (let item of mySet.keys()) console.log(item);
 
// logs the items in the order: 1, "some text", {"a": 1, "b": 2}, {"a": 1, "b": 2} 
for (let item of mySet.values()) console.log(item);

// logs the items in the order: 1, "some text", {"a": 1, "b": 2}, {"a": 1, "b": 2} 
//(key and value are the same here)
for (let [key, value] of mySet.entries()) console.log(key);

// convert Set object to an Array object, with Array.from
var myArr = Array.from(mySet); // [1, "some text", {"a": 1, "b": 2}, {"a": 1, "b": 2}]

// the following will also work if run in an HTML document
mySet.add(document.body);
mySet.has(document.querySelector('body')); // true

// converting between Set and Array
mySet2 = new Set([1, 2, 3, 4]);
mySet2.size; // 4
[...mySet2]; // [1, 2, 3, 4]

// intersect can be simulated via 
var intersection = new Set([...set1].filter(x => set2.has(x)));

// difference can be simulated via
var difference = new Set([...set1].filter(x => !set2.has(x)));

// Iterate set entries with forEach
mySet.forEach(function(value) {
  console.log(value);
});

// 1
// 2
// 3
// 4

實作基本的 set 操作

Set.prototype.isSuperset = function(subset) {
    for (var elem of subset) {
        if (!this.has(elem)) {
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

Set.prototype.union = function(setB) {
    var union = new Set(this);
    for (var elem of setB) {
        union.add(elem);
    }
    return union;
}

Set.prototype.intersection = function(setB) {
    var intersection = new Set();
    for (var elem of setB) {
        if (this.has(elem)) {
            intersection.add(elem);
        }
    }
    return intersection;
}

Set.prototype.difference = function(setB) {
    var difference = new Set(this);
    for (var elem of setB) {
        difference.delete(elem);
    }
    return difference;
}

//Examples
var setA = new Set([1, 2, 3, 4]),
    setB = new Set([2, 3]),
    setC = new Set([3, 4, 5, 6]);

setA.isSuperset(setB); // => true
setA.union(setC); // => Set [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
setA.intersection(setC); // => Set [3, 4]
setA.difference(setC); // => Set [1, 2]

與 Array 物件關聯

var myArray = ['value1', 'value2', 'value3'];

// Use the regular Set constructor to transform an Array into a Set
var mySet = new Set(myArray);

mySet.has('value1'); // returns true

// Use the spread operator to transform a set into an Array.
console.log([...mySet]); // Will show you exactly the same Array as myArray

與 Strings 關聯

var text = 'India';

var mySet = new Set(text);  // Set ['I', 'n', 'd', 'i', 'a']
mySet.size;  // 5

規範

瀏覽器相容性

參見

• Map
• WeakMap
• WeakSet