Object.prototype

Object.prototype 代表 Object 的原型物件。

All objects in JavaScript are descended from Object; all objects inherit methods and properties from Object.prototype, although they may be overridden (except an Object with a null prototype, i.e. Object.create(null)). For example, other constructors' prototypes override the constructor property and provide their own toString() methods. Changes to the Object prototype object are propagated to all objects unless the properties and methods subject to those changes are overridden further along the prototype chain.

Object.prototype.constructor

Specifies the function that creates an object's prototype.

Object.prototype.__proto__

Points to the object which was used as prototype when the object was instantiated.

Object.prototype.__noSuchMethod__

Allows a function to be defined that will be executed when an undefined object member is called as a method.

Object.prototype.__count__

Used to return the number of enumerable properties directly on a user-defined object, but has been removed.

Object.prototype.__parent__

Used to point to an object's context, but has been removed.

Object.prototype.__defineGetter__()

Associates a function with a property that, when accessed, executes that function and returns its return value.

Object.prototype.__defineSetter__()

Associates a function with a property that, when set, executes that function which modifies the property.

Object.prototype.__lookupGetter__()

Returns the function associated with the specified property by the __defineGetter__ method.

Object.prototype.__lookupSetter__()

Returns the function associated with the specified property by the __defineSetter__ method.

Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty()

Returns a boolean indicating whether an object contains the specified property as a direct property of that object and not inherited through the prototype chain.

Object.prototype.isPrototypeOf()

Returns a boolean indication whether the specified object is in the prototype chain of the object this method is called upon.

Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable()

Returns a boolean indicating if the internal ECMAScript DontEnum attribute is set.

Object.prototype.toSource()

Returns string containing the source of an object literal representing the object that this method is called upon; you can use this value to create a new object.

Object.prototype.toLocaleString()

Calls toString().

Object.prototype.toString()

Returns a string representation of the object.

Object.prototype.unwatch()

Removes a watchpoint from a property of the object.

Object.prototype.valueOf()

Returns the primitive value of the specified object.

Object.prototype.watch()

Adds a watchpoint to a property of the object.

Object.prototype.eval()

Used to evaluate a string of JavaScript code in the context of the specified object, but has been removed.

因為 JavaScript 並沒有子類別的物件，所以原型是個很有用的解決辦法, 使某些函數作為物件的基本類別物件。例如：

var Person = function() {
  this.canTalk = true;
};

Person.prototype.greet = function() {
  if (this.canTalk) {
    console.log('Hi, I am ' + this.name);
  }
};

var Employee = function(name, title) {
  Person.call(this);
  this.name = name;
  this.title = title;
};

Employee.prototype = Object.create(Person.prototype);
Employee.prototype.constructor = Employee;

Employee.prototype.greet = function() {
  if (this.canTalk) {
    console.log('Hi, I am ' + this.name + ', the ' + this.title);
  }
};

var Customer = function(name) {
  Person.call(this);
  this.name = name;
};

Customer.prototype = Object.create(Person.prototype);
Customer.prototype.constructor = Customer;

var Mime = function(name) {
  Person.call(this);
  this.name = name;
  this.canTalk = false;
};

Mime.prototype = Object.create(Person.prototype);
Mime.prototype.constructor = Mime;

var bob = new Employee('Bob', 'Builder');
var joe = new Customer('Joe');
var rg = new Employee('Red Green', 'Handyman');
var mike = new Customer('Mike');
var mime = new Mime('Mime');

bob.greet();
// Hi, I am Bob, the Builder

joe.greet();
// Hi, I am Joe

rg.greet();
// Hi, I am Red Green, the Handyman

mike.greet();
// Hi, I am Mike

mime.greet();

• Introduction to Object-Oriented JavaScript