# matrix()

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The `matrix()` CSS function defines a homogeneous 2D transformation matrix. Its result is a `<transform-function>` data type.

Note: `matrix(a, b, c, d, tx, ty)` is a shorthand for `matrix3d(a, b, 0, 0, c, d, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, tx, ty, 0, 1)`.

## Syntax

The `matrix()` function is specified with six values. The constant values are implied and not passed as parameters; the other parameters are described in the column-major order.

Note: Until Firefox 16, Gecko accepted a `<length>` value for tx and ty.
```matrix(a, b, c, d, tx, ty)
```

### Values

a b c d
Are `<number>`s describing the linear transformation.
tx ty
Are `<number>`s describing the translation to apply.
Cartesian coordinates on ℝ2 Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ2 Cartesian coordinates on ℝ3 Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ3
$\left(\begin{array}{cc}a& c\\ b& d\end{array}\right)$ $\left(\begin{array}{ccc}a& c& tx\\ b& d& ty\\ 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right)$ $\left(\begin{array}{ccc}a& c& tx\\ b& d& ty\\ 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right)$ $\left(\begin{array}{cccc}a& c& 0& tx\\ b& d& 0& ty\\ 0& 0& 1& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right)$
`[a b c d tx ty]`

## Examples

### HTML

```<div>Normal</div>
<div class="changed">Changed</div>```

### CSS

```div {
width: 80px;
height: 80px;
background-color: skyblue;
}

.changed {
transform: matrix(1, 2, -1, 1, 80, 80);
background-color: pink;
}```

## Specifications

Specification Status Comment
CSS Transforms Level 1
The definition of 'matrix()' in that specification.
Working Draft Initial definition

## Browser compatibility

Please see the `<transform-function>` data type for compatibility info.